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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution-NonCo mmercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

A new species of Diderma, described herein as D. dalatense, was found in ground leaf litter in mixed montane tropical forests (Bidoup Nui Ba National Park) of southern Vietnam. This species was discovered during intensive studies on the distribution and ecology of fungi and myxomycetes in tropical forests of Vietnam in the context of a long-term project Ecolan 1.2. The morphology of representative specimens was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy, and micrographs of relevant details are provided. D. dalatense has unique combination of morphological characters of the sporocarps among species of Diderma including very small (0.2-0.4 mm in diam.) dark-yellow, globose to subglobose sessile sporocarps, large conical or subglobose yellow columella, smooth peridium with three layers resembling that of Leocarpus and irregularly warted spores. In addition to the morphological description, partial sequences of three genetic markers of this new species (SSU, EF1A, COI) were obtained and submitted to GenBank. The stability of the taxonomic characters of the species was confirmed by several collections obtained in different localities of the National Park.

A new species, Diderma velutinum, is described and illustrated by LM and SEM mic ro graphs. Two specimens of this species were found in moist chamber cultures on the pieces of the bark of living tree of Phellodendron amurense, which was col lec ted in July 2016 and July 2017 in the Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Re serve (the Russian Far East). The main distinguishing features of this species are triple peridium, large spherical columella and ochraceous colour of sporangia clus tered in dense groups. The partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of D. velutinum dif fer con siderably from all sequences of Diderma species available to the moment. K e y w o r d s : Amoebozoa, COI, DNA barcoding, EF1A, morphology, Physarales, SEM, taxonomy, 18S rRNA Р Е З Ю М Е Бортников Ф.М., Щепин О.Н., Гмошинский В.И., Приходько И.С., Но во жилов Ю.К. Diderma velutinum, новый вид рода Diderma (Myxo my cetes) с большой колонкой и трехслойным перидием из России. Но вый вид Diderma velutinum описан и проиллюстрирован микрофотогра фиями,полученнымиспомощьюсветовогоисканирующегоэлектронно гомик роскопов.Дваобразцаэтоговидабылиполученыметодомвлажных камер на фрагментах коры живого дерева бархата амурского (Phellodendron amurense),собранныхвиюле2016ииюле2017годавгосударственномпри родном биосферном заповеднике «Кедровая Падь» (Приморский Край). Основны ми отличительными особенностями этого вида являются трех слойныйпе ри дий,большаясферическаяколонкаиохристаяокраскаспо рангиев,соб ран ныхвплотныегруппы.Нуклеотидныепоследовательности фрагментагена18SрРНКновоговидапоказываютзначительныеотличия отимею щих сяпоследовательностейдругихвидовродаDiderma.