This research investigated the physical properties of Jatropha oil to determine its viability as a clean and renewable source of lubricant oil. The study was performed using a four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, digital microscope and viscosity meter. The experiment was conducted using different temperatures (55, 75 and 105°C). The experiment was conducted of constant parameters as speed; load and time under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), number D 4172.The data included the evaluation of anti-wear, anti-friction and viscosity of Jatropha oil. To evaluate lubricant ability all results of this research were compared to findings regarding hydraulic oil as a mineral oil-based lubricant. The results showed that, under various temperatures Jatropha oil had better lubricant ability compared to hydraulic mineral oil.

This study investigates the physical properties of pure palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as a new, clean and renewable source of lubricant and hydraulic oil. This study is done using a four-ball tribotester. The experiments are conducted at five different temperatures of 55, 75, 95, 105 and 125 °C. The rotational speed was fixed at 1200 rpm, normal load was 40 kg and duration was 1 hour. For evaluating the results, all experiments again were conducted using commercial engine mineral and hydraulic mineral oil and at the end all results were compared together. The results show that PFAD has higher anti friction and anti-wear ability.

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This study was carried out to extend database knowledge about the function of film cooling holes at the end of combustor and the inlet of turbine. Using the well-known Brayton cycle, raising the turbine inlet temperature is the key to obtain higher engine efficiency in gas turbine engines. However, high temperature of the combustor exit flow causes non-uniformities. These non-uniformities lead to the reduction of expected life of critical components. Therefore, an appropriate cooling technique should be designed to protect these parts. Film cooling is one of the most effective external cooling methods. Various film cooling techniques presented in the literature have been investigated. Moreover, challenges and future directions of film cooling techniques have been reviewed and presented in this paper. The aim of this review is to summarize recent development in research on film cooling techniques and attempt to identify some challenging issues that need to be solved for future research.

The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oils, but the source of mineral oils are depleting from day to day and it is also a major cause for environmental pollution in the world. This aim of research is to introduce vegetable oil as an alternative source of lubricant oil in industrial applications. In this study, we measured the physical properties of Jatropha, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and empty fruit bunches. All experiment were done according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) condition, method B and with the use of four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, microscope and viscometer to obtain results. The test oils were measured of their coefficient of friction, wear, viscosity and flash temperature parameter. To evaluate the results, the same conditions were applied for all experiments with the use of engine and hydraulic mineral oil. The results showed that the anti-friction ability of Jatropha oil and PFAD was higher than the engine and hydraulic mineral oils.