The concept of Penta Helix or Quintuple Helix have been widely discussed and used as frameworks in many researches in relation of innovation or organizational innovation field. it is believed that if the Penta Helix stakeholders work together in synergy it will foster innovation and an innovation-based economy. However, no research has been found yet that validate measurement constructs of the Penta Helix or the Quintuple Helix. Through extensive literature review, we developed a construct of the Penta Helix variables in relation to innovation and knowledge-based economy, into five dimensions consisting of Academicians, Business, Government, Community and Medias (ABGCM). The data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 95 technology-based startups in Indonesia, and afterward analysed by using confirmatory factor analysis technique, performed by the SmartPLS software. A final 20-item measurement construct was validated as main contribution of this study toward Penta Helix theory. There are issues arose on methodological and theoretical of the Penta Helix construct and discussed in our findings.

Startup companies are expected to become the new engines of economic growth through the rise of new innovation-based entrepreneurs. The Penta Helix framework is widely used as a framework to analyse factors related to the development of innovation-based companies. The use of the Penta Helix framework as the unit of analysis is considered to be relevant because this framework offers a comprehensive perspective and is in line with the economic development innovation and knowledge-based startups. However, there is a lack of research that has been conducted that analyse the nature of support that can be given to startups at their early-stage of creation using the Penta Helix framework that consists of five stakeholders namely Academicians, Businessmen, Government, Communities. This study aims to propose a conceptual model about the nature of support needed by startups in order to survive in their initial stages by using the Penta Helix Framework. This study is a qualitative one using the Focus Group Discussion method, in which participants are made of six early stages technology-based startup founders and CEOs, who were gathered to conduct several discussions regarding the topics. Our results show that obstacles faced by startups include among other: difficulties in obtaining qualified yet affordable workforce in facing existing competitors, difficulties in increasing sales, difficulties in managing product development costs, no adequate support from the government, and ineffective incubation programs. A model that consists of lists of support that startups need, was depict as main contribution from the discussion, named Penta Helix support for startups. This model offers comprehensive practical guide for policy makers to support startups from five perspectives.

Abstrak Pengaruh peran wirausahawan menjadi sangat tinggi di dunia bisnis saat ini. Karena kurangnya semangat berwiraswastaKata kunci: semangat berwirausaha, intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, social intelligence, adversary intelligence. AbstractThe role of entrepreneurs becomes more influential in the current business world. Due to lack of entrepreneurial spirit, many entrepreneurs experience unsuccessful result in their entrepreneurship journey. Entrepreneurial spirit results from a combination of someone's hereditary factors, experience, and environment. This gives HRM wide room of discussion to find suitable stimulating factors to improve entrepreneurial spirit. Growing evidence shows various intelligence can contribute to someone's entrepreneurial spirit including intellectual quotient, emotional quotient, spiritual quotient, social quotient, and adversity quotient. This research aims to examine which of each quotient has the most influential factor to the entrepreneurial spirit. This study was conducted using 30 small-and-medium-scale fashion entrepreneurs in Bandung and analyzed using weighting approach and ranking method. Based on the findings, this research suggests that SQ (Spiritual Quotient), followed by adversary quotient, has the strongest influence in shaping the entrepreneurial spirit.

The manufacturing sector in the city of Bandung contributes approximately 25.45% in 2013 but the contribution decreases by 24.29% in 2014 and 2015. This is caused by the decrease in employee performance of SMEs in this sector as a result of the low personal intelligence and organizational culture. This research studied 10 SMEs (medium scale) of Muslim fashion industry in Bandung, registered in BPPKU Kadin (chamber of commerce) Bandung. This study is aimed at determining the effect of personal intelligence and organizational culture on employee performance of SMEs either partially or simultaneously. The method used is explanatory research. The results showed that personal intelligence and organizational culture significantly influence employee performance of medium scale SMEs of Muslim fashion industry in Bandung either partially or simultaneously.

Samarinda City was appointed as a buffer for the new capital city of Indonesia through culinary and craft SMEs. Culinary and craft SMEs are believed to be the drivers in accelerating the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which are part of the strategy of the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan. Even so, 72% of the problems culinary and craft SMEs face in Samarinda City are related to competitive advantages. Culinary and craft SMEs in Samarinda City are still constrained by competitive disadvantage, especially in the non-substitutable resource aspect. This study aimed to analyze the effect of organizational capital and health on competitive advantage, especially in the era of post-COVID-19 economic recovery through the creative economy. This study used a survey method with a quantitative approach. The analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis and factor analysis using structural equation modeling with item parceling. The subjects of this study were SMEs in the culinary and craft sub-sector in Samarinda City (N = 365 SMEs). This study found that social capital and organizational health positively and significantly affect competitive advantage, both partially and simultaneously. Surprisingly, the dimension of work culture and climate s not suitable for modeling the impact of social capital and organizational health on the competitive advantage of culinary and craft SMEs in Samarinda City. This research is expected to contribute theoretically to developing a new model to achieve optimal competitive advantage through social capital and health organizations. This research is expected to strengthen the people’s economy to achieve SDGs through SMEs, especially for Samarinda City, a buffer for the new capital city of the Republic of Indonesia and post-COVID-19 economic recovery through the creative economy.