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No abstract

Endoscopy + mucosal biopsy should be reserved to patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. EUS-FNA provides direct visualization of the neoplasm and adequate samples for molecular diagnosis. EUS, abdominal CT and MRI may be considered valid alternatives whenever EUS-FNA is unavailable or a cytological diagnosis is unnecessary.

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Oxidative DNA damage accumulates with the duration of the disease in ulcerative colitis reaching maximal increase if dysplastic lesions are found with possible implications for mutagenic and carcinogenic progression.