US and chest radiography are diagnostic tools that enable effective, safe, and low-cost routine surveillance imaging for patients at high risk of Hodgkin lymphoma relapse.

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The purpose of this study was to compare two extraction processes for the\ud production of lemon liqueur (limoncello)—the traditional maceration of lemon\ud peels and a cyclically pressurized extraction process also known as rapid solid-liquid\ud dynamic extraction (RSLDE) that uses a Naviglio extractor. To evaluate the\ud extraction efficiency of the two processes, dry matter obtained by the evaporation of\ud the extracts was used to construct kinetics curves. The dry matter was directly\ud proportional to the amount of the active principle (terpenes) extracted and\ud consequently to the total concentration. Alcoholic extracts were analysed by gas\ud chromatography (GC) to monitor the extraction kinetics for major components of\ud the terpene fraction and for minor components of essential oils. Moreover, alcoholic\ud extracts were analysed by UV spectrophotometry to identify the more abundant\ud chemical species, while the organoleptic tests (i.e., a consumer test) performed on\ud the final product (limoncello) provided an indication of the taste of the final product\ud and revealed features undetectable with instrumental analytical techniques. To better\ud understand the phenomenon considered, a numerical simulation was performed to\ud evaluate and compare the matter flow of extractable compounds during the process

The reliability and safety of front‐line ultrasonography guided core needle biopsy (UG‐CNB) performed with specific uniform approach have never been evaluated in a large series of patients with lymphadenopathies suspected of lymphoma. The aim of this study was to assess the overall accuracy of UG‐CNB in the lymph node histological diagnosis, using a standard reference based on pathologist consensus, molecular biology, and/or surgery. We retrospectively checked the findings concerning the application of lymph node UG‐CNB from four Italian clinical units that routinely utilized 16‐gauge diameter modified Menghini needle under power‐Doppler ultrasonographic guidance. A data schedule was sent to all centers to investigate the information regarding techniques, results, and complications of lymph node UG‐CNB in untreated patients over a 12‐year period. Overall, 1000 (superficial target, n = 750; deep‐seated target, n = 250) biopsies have been evaluated in 1000 patients; other 48 biopsies (4.5%), screened in the same period, were excluded because inadequate for a confident histological diagnosis. Most patients were suffering from lymphomas (aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma [aBc‐NHL], 309 cases; indolent B‐cell [iBc]‐NHL, 279 cases; Hodgkin lymphoma [HL], 212 cases; and nodal peripheral T‐cell [NPTC]‐NHL, 30 cases) and 100 cases from metastatic carcinoma; 70 patients had non‐malignant disorders. The majority of CNB results met at least one criterion of the composite reference standard. The overall accuracy of the micro‐histological sampling was 97% (95% confidence interval: 95%–98%) for the series. The sensitivity of UG‐CNB for the detection of aBc‐NHL was 100%, for iBc‐NHL 95%, for HL 93%, and for NPTC‐NHL 90%, with an overall false negative rate of 3.3%. The complication rate was low (6% for all complications); no patient suffered from biopsy‐related complications of grade >2 according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. Lymph node UG‐CNB as mini‐invasive diagnostic procedure is effective with minimal risk for the patient.