This study aims to describe the coal downstreaming program which is expected to increase the added value of coal in Indonesia. Increasing the added value of coal such as the gasification project has a strategic role to increase state revenues and foreign exchange and is expected to have implications for increasing development in the region and nationally. The research method used is a quantitative and qualitative approach. The quantitative approach is used the accounting approach and benefit cost analysis (BCA), while the qualitative approach is used in the study of literature and focus group discussions. From the results of the discussions, the Government can provide coal gasification fiscal incentives to pioneering companies with the consideration that this downstreaming program will be able to spur state revenue as well as regional and national economic growth. Besides this downstreaming activities will be able to increase similar activities in Indonesia.

The purpose of this study is to map some of Indonesia's loser sector products which are commodities that need to be strengthened in the RCEP cooperation forum. In this study, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) formula is used to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian export products. The average RCA results between, 2015-2019 show that out of the five food and beverage product items, most of them have high competitiveness. Meanwhile, the average RCA of livestock products, light industry and heavy industrial products has low competitiveness. A strengthening strategy to increase product competitiveness in the RCEP market requires several steps. These steps include identifying market access in RCEP partner countries, improving product quality and specialization, coordinating between the Government and the private sector and continuing to encourage bureaucratic reform, harmonization of regulations to obtain Smart Regulations.

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja ekspor dan daya saing serta posisi beberapa komoditas unggulan Indonesia ke Singapura dan Malaysia. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) dan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Sumber data berasal  dari UN Comtrade dan Badan Pusat Statistik untuk produk HS 4 digit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa neraca perdagangan Indonesia dengan Singapura  selama tiga tahun terakhir (2018-2020) mengalami defisit, sedangkan dengan  Malaysia mengalami surplus. Negosiasi yang intens dengan Singapura sangat diperlukan untuk membuka peluang akses dagang guna menutup defisit neraca perdagangan. Pemerintah diharapkan terus mendorong pengembangan produk-produk unggulan bernilai tambah tinggi seperti industri kimia, industri mesin dan listrik serta tekstil. Disamping itu terus didorong program hilirisasi nasional produk mineral dan logam. Termasuk  mempertimbangkan kembali pengembangan dan penambahan industri pengilangan minyak dan gas sehingga dapat dikurangi impor produk migas hasil olahan dari kedua negara.