Significant changes in the construction industry have been brought about by Building Information Modeling (BIM). While BIM has improved team collaboration and workflow efficiency, the model still faces multiple challenges. These are related primarily to the security, transparency, and reliability of the data shared in the model. A potential way to mitigate these problems, according to many studies, is blockchain technology. This paper reviews the recent literature on the integration of BIM and blockchain technology. Using a rigorous search-and-selection process, the authors conducted a systematic literature review by analyzing 70 studies relevant to BIM-blockchain integration. The state-of-the-art review explains how studies have implemented blockchain technology and provides an overview of different levels of adoption. Various application areas within the BIM process are explored to understand the ongoing research trend. The authors discuss limitations and offer recommendations on how best to implement future work in BIM-blockchain integration.

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Hospitals provide diverse tasks essential for the delivery of patient care and are comprised of many functional units. This makes healthcare construction projects highly complex among other types of building projects due to the specific regulations, multiple functions it must provide, complicated mechanical and electrical systems, and so on. This complexity embodies potential risk events during its construction, which not only influences the completion of the project but can impact the patients’ safety and health conditions even after the project is finished. To prevent such outcomes, risk management is a crucial process that can identify, evaluate, and properly mitigate risks along the project lifecycle. A key aspect of risk management is that it requires the interaction and contribution from multiple stakeholders of the project. Various frameworks and tools that enable collaborative management of risks among multiple stakeholders have been developed in the past. However, the developed frameworks are not suitable in the sense that it does not protect the confidentiality of individual inputs from the stakeholders. Moreover, these frameworks are centralized systems, which can bring issues related to the security and transparency of the information that is being stored. Blockchain technology is an emergent distributed ledger technology (DLT) that can provide solutions to the listed problems found in centralized systems. It is a novel system that records information on a decentralized, distributed ledger, where transactions are constantly duplicated and updated. This study explores the applicability of blockchain technology for healthcare risk management. The key functional elements of blockchain that can resolve the challenges faced by prior risk management frameworks have been identified and discussed. Based on the discussions, a conceptual information management model for managing healthcare project risks on a blockchain has been conceived. The development of the initial prototype has been explained. The research illustrates the process, benefits, and limitations of adopting blockchain technology for collaborative risk management in healthcare projects.

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