Purpuse: Fodder yeast is obtained in an aerobic fermentation process where foaming is a major problem to be solved. In this article, the antifoam property of crude and puri ed lter cake oil is evaluated in order to use this residual as an alternative to replace the import of commercial antifoam agents and to reduce the production costs of fodder yeast Method: Knock down test and the comparisons with two commercial antifoam agents were done.Blackstrap molasses medium at 20 and 40 g/L of total reducing sugar was used. All products were studied in their pure form and commercial ones also in dilutions 1:2 and 1:5 v/v. Hansen's solubility parameters (HSPs) to analyze the a nity of each defoamer for yeast were determined.Results: It was obtained the crude and puri ed lter cake oil showed similar behavior to commercial defoamers with an immediate antifoam effect, removing between 40 and 60% of the initial foam at both sugar concentrations in the rst 5 minutes. The regression model showed puri ed lter cake oil has the greatest knockdown effect (Ca = 55.85 and 74.32) and with greater foam suppression stability the commercial defoamer Quimifoam Máster (C b = -0.69 and -1.38). Ra values obtained in HSPs test, indicated the a nity of defoamers to the medium. Conclusion:Puri ed lter cake oil is an effective product for its use as an antifoam with the best knock down effect for both concentrations of sugars in the medium. The determination of HSPs corroborates the effectiveness of this product to suppress foam. Statement Of NoveltyThe use of crude lter cake oil, residual from the Cuban sugarcane derivatives industry, as an antifoam was previously studied in the 90s using it as a fatty vehicle in mixtures with esters, achieving good results. In the bibliography consulted by the authors, no recent articles are reported on its use after it has been puri ed. Therefore, the novelty of this work is the evaluation of the antifoam property of puri ed lter cake oil, which offers the possibility of a new use of this by-product with the consequent impact on the reduction of fodder yeast production cost by the replacement of commercial defoamers, products that are imported and with high prices in the market.

Purpuse: Fodder yeast is obtained in an aerobic fermentation process where foaming is a major problem to be solved. In this article, the antifoam property of crude and purified filter cake oil is evaluated in order to use this residual as an alternative to replace the import of commercial antifoam agents and to reduce the production costs of fodder yeastMethod: Knock down test and the comparisons with two commercial antifoam agents were done. Blackstrap molasses medium at 20 and 40 g/L of total reducing sugar was used. All products were studied in their pure form and commercial ones also in dilutions 1:2 and 1:5 v/v. Hansen's solubility parameters (HSPs) to analyze the affinity of each defoamer for yeast were determined.Results: It was obtained the crude and purified filter cake oil showed similar behavior to commercial defoamers with an immediate antifoam effect, removing between 40 and 60% of the initial foam at both sugar concentrations in the first 5 minutes. The regression model showed purified filter cake oil has the greatest knockdown effect (Ca = 55.85 and 74.32) and with greater foam suppression stability the commercial defoamer Quimifoam Máster (Cb = -0.69 and -1.38). Ra values obtained in HSPs test, indicated the affinity of defoamers to the medium. Conclusion: Purified filter cake oil is an effective product for its use as an antifoam with the best knock down effect for both concentrations of sugars in the medium. The determination of HSPs corroborates the effectiveness of this product to suppress foam.

La presente investigación se enfocó en conocer las causas del bajo tránsito de los estudiantes de 11 grado del colegio Colombia, de Carepa (Antioquia) a la Educación Superior. El objetivo principal fue realizar el diagnóstico mediante la aplicación de un instrumento (Likert) a la población estudiada, compuesta por jóvenes pertenecientes a comunidades en su mayoría afrodescendientes y de escasos recursos, hijos de madres cabeza de familia, entornos conflictivos y con altos índices de violencia. El diagnóstico permitió evidenciar el interés de los jóvenes por continuar con los estudios superiores, la gran barrera por falta de recursos económicos y tecnológicos, así como la falta de ofertas académicas atractivas por parte de las universidades de la región. Además, se pudo constatar que debido a la falta de recursos muchos de los jóvenes se ven obligados a buscar opciones laborales inmediatas para poder subsistir día a día, con el riesgo de caer en redes ilegales de comercio. El fin último del proyecto es establecer alternativas conjuntas entre universidad, colegio y Estado que estimulen a los estudiantes a acceder a ofertas de educación superior y promuevan el tránsito inmediato mediante el acceso a becas y subvenciones, manejo de plataformas digitales, charlas de orientación vocacional, técnicas de estudio, aplicación de simulacros de pruebas Saber 11, la construcción de un aula de sistemas dotada de equipos necesarios y acceso a internet para, de esta manera, lograr suprimir los obstáculos digitales y tecnológicos observados en la institución educativa.