This research was conducted in October-December 2017 in Probolinggo to determining the potential areas of fishing ground of Sardinella fimbriata by looking at the characteristics of Oceanography in Probolinggo. Research done by survey method to collect primary and secondary data. The data analysis done in a spatial image of MODIS and presented as a oceanographic parameters maps. The results of the analysis showed the waters of Probolinggo oceanographic characteristics are: a) sea surface temperature ranges from 31.3-28.2° C, b) pH 8 ppm, c) salinity between 23%-31%, d) chlorophyll-a 0-4 that shows the chlorophyll-a is high, and e) content of dissolved oxygen (DO) 10 mg/mm3 which indicates that it has a good oxygen for marine life. From the results obtained, the area has finally reached of waters with oceanographic characteristics of the area as a potential fishing ground for Sardinella fimbriata. The potential area of Sardinella fimbriata fishing ground is at madura Strait and waters north of Probolinggo.

The Javan Leopard is endemic to the Indonesian island of Java and has been classified as Endangered. Reliable information about its population status, distribution, and density is lacking but are essential to guide conservation efforts and provide a benchmark for management decisions. Our study represents the first empirical density and occupancy estimates for the Leopard in West Java and provides baseline data for this region. We used camera trap data collected from February 2009 to October 2018 in six study areas comprising a sampling effort of 10,955 camera trap days in a total area of 793.5 km2. We identified 55 individual Leopards in these areas and estimated Leopard density using spatially explicit capture-recapture. Population density estimates range from 4.9 individuals/100 km2 in Gunung Guntur-Papandayan Nature Reserve to 16.04 individuals/100 km2 in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Latter is among the globally highest Leopard densities. Based on detection data, we modelled single-season Leopard occupancy using three sampling covariates and eight site covariates. Modelling revealed that the two covariates forest cover and presence of Wild Boar are the strongest predictors for Leopard occupancy in our study areas. We recommend assessing and monitoring Leopard distribution, density and occupancy in other areas of Java and emphasize that a landscape approach for conservation of the Javan Leopard is imperative.

Bawean Island and its marine surrounding hold a lot of potential biotas in its marine ecosystem. To maintain these potential natural resources, it is necessary to make marine conservation efforts, one of which is by means of Bawean marine conservation area determination. This research began with the preparation of image processing to determine the distribution of seagrass and coral reef biota. Furthermore, a groundcheck was carried out to review the condition of the existing ecosystem, the results of which became input for FGD as a form of participatory planning. Categories, types, zones, and subzones of conservation areas are determined based on marine and fisheries regulations. As a result, seagrasses can be found at several points in Bawean waters with a total area of 125.60 ha. The average seagrass closure condition can be considered as moderate, with the most encountered species being Thalassia Hemprichii. Meanwhile, coral reefs distribution is scattered in almost all Bawean marine with a total cover area of 3,037.51 ha. The average live coral reef cover in the observation area reaches 76%, which can be considered as good condition.

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