Zn levels in rice are essential for maintaining consumer health. However, Zn deficient plants can reduce levels of Zn in grains and the ability of plants to express their genetic potentials. This study examines the use of cow manure enriched with Zn heptahydrate on increasing Zn levels of broken skin rice. The experiment was arranged in a randomized single factor group design with seven levels of manure dose treatment, namely: 0; 2.5; 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 tons ha-1, with 3 replications. Spacing was 30 cm x 30 cm with a size of 3 m x 4 m. The parameters observed were plant growth, the weight of 1,000-grain, percentage of empty grain, production, Zn and protein contents of the brown rice. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of variance with a confidence interval of 5%, followed by the Duncan test of 5%. The results showed that the application of cow manure with a dose of 10 tons ha-1 enriched by 5 kg ha-1 Zn heptahydrate could increase the number of productive tillers, weight of 1,000-grains, production, Zn and protein contents of the brown rice as well as suppress the grainy rice grain of Mekongga variety of lowland rice on the intermittent flooding.   Keywords: brownrice, cow manure, irrigation system, Zn heptahydrate

Exploration carried out in the filosphere area (leaves) and rhizosphere area (roots) in upland rice plants to get the type of microbes that have potential that can be utilized as biological fertilizer sources, such as N2 fastening microbes, plant growth microbes or phosphate solvent microbial as well as those acting as natural enemies. The research was conducted by location survey method. Determination of location is done by purposive sampling, which is the location of upland rice cultivated by farmers in Kulawi District. The results showed that 10 isolates were isolated from epiphytic and endophytic microbes and endophytes. Morphological tests showed differences in color, shape, elevation, edge, texture and size and the coloring test showed that the bacteria had Coccus cell forms, Bacill, Diplococcus and Semi-Bacillus.

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between nitrate reductase activity and N uptake, tissue N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of corn plants in intercropping patterns which are given corn-soybean litter and biochar. The use of plant litter and biochar derived from crop residues as a source of organic matter in different intercropping patterns affected nitrate reductase activity, tissue N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of maize. This experiment was carried out on sub-optimal Sidondo land, Central Sulawesi with the main limiting factors being the availability of water and alkaline soil pH (7.21) which were arranged in a divided plot design with five litter treatments as subplots and five cropping patterns as the main plot with three replicates. Parameters observed were N levels, plant tissue N uptake, chlorophyll, and nitrate reductase activity. Collected data were analyzed using Anova and Duncan's multiple random tests. The results showed that corn litter, soybean mixed corn + soybean litter and their biochar in different intercropping patterns affected nitrate reductase activity, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll levels very significantly (P˂0.01), increased nitrate reductase activity by 9710.86 mol NO2- -1g-1hour-1 at the age of 55 DAP, while N uptake (2237 mg.kg-1), tissue N content (4.33%), and total chlorophyll content (10.61 mg.l-1) were the highest in the litter treatment, corn and soybeans as well as biochar in corn and soybean intercropping (1:2), and (2:4). Thus, the provision of corn and soybean litter and biochar in intercropping systems can increase nitrate reductase activity, N uptake, tissue N levels, and corn chlorophyll levels in the corn-soybean intercropping system.   Keywords: chlorophyll, N content of corn plant tissue, nitrate reductase activity, N uptake

Shallot (Allium wakegi Araki.) is one the leading commodities of the Central Sulawesi and also the ingredient material of making fried onion for industry purposes. This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of various types of seaweed extract and organic fertilizers such as N, P, and K on the Growth and yield of Shallots of lembah palu variety. The experimnet used a Randomized Block Design (RBD). With treatment, namely T1 (Ulva sp. seaweed extract 50 ml/plant), T2 (Cauelerpa sp. seaweed extract 50 ml/plant), T3 (Sargassum sp. seaweed extract 50 ml/plant), T4 (NPK fertilizer 20 gram/plots), T5 (Ulva sp. seaweed extract 50 ml/plant dan NPK 20 g/plot), T6 (Cauelerpa sp. seaweed extract 50 ml/plant and NPK 20 g/plot) and T7 (Sargassum sp. seaweed extract 50 ml/plant and NPK 20 g/plot). Therefore, there were 7 treatments and every treatment was repeated three times. Therefore, there were 21 experimental units. The results showed that the application of a combination between various types of seaweed extract and NPK on shallots significantly affected all observations except plant height. The treatment combination between Ulva sp seaweed extract and NPK produces the best value compared to other treatments.

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