The present study was carried out with the objectives to work out costs and returns in cultivation of cluster bean, to study the economics of cluster bean processing units and to identify various constraints faced by farmers and processers in production and processing of cluster bean in Southern Haryana. The   study was based on primary data. A total of 80 farmers were interviewed to gather all the desired information. The per hectare cost of cluster bean cultivation was found to be ₹40241 and ₹44553 in Bhiwani and Mahendargarh district, respectively. On an average, the per hectare gross and net returns obtained from the cultivation of cluster bean in Bhiwani district were ₹49002 and ₹8758. The corresponding figures for Mahendargarh district were worked out to be ₹52732 and ₹8178, respectively. The B:C ratio for cluster bean cultivation was worked out to be 1.21 for Bhiwani & 1.18 for Mahendargarh district. On an average total cost of processing guar into guar gum was worked out to be ₹6408.78 per quintal of output. Cluster bean processing plants incurred a profit of ₹204 per quintal on average basis during the year 2020-21 with gross and net returns of ₹6484.42 lakh and ₹200.35 lakh, respectively. The B:C ratio was worked out to be 1.03 for processing units of cluster bean in Southern Haryana. The results of a survey conducted to learn about the problems faced by farmers in the production and by processors in the processing of cluster bean revealed that weeds, high labor costs, high plant protection chemical costs, disease, aphids in the crop, scarcity of labor, and a lack of quality seeds and improved varieties were the major constraints faced by farmers in the production of cluster bean in the study area. Huge fuel costs, huge losses during transportation from field to factory Power shortages, under-utilization of existing capacity, excessive sales taxes, and a lack of government price policies were the major obstacles that processors faced in the processing of cluster bean seeds in the study area.

The paper examines the performance of wheat crop under sprinkler irrigation system in Southern Haryana. For the selection of sample farmers, multistage random sampling technique was used. At the first stage, two districts namely Bhiwani and Rewari were selected purposively due to high rate of adoption of sprinkler irrigation system. At the second stage, again two blocks from each district were selected purposively and at the third stage two village from each block and fifteen farmers from each village were then selected randomly. Primary data was taken from a total of 120 wheat farmers from various villages. The profitability of adopter farmers was analyzed using Benefit cost ratio concept. Information regarding cost and returns of wheat crop were gathered from sampled farmers for the year 2021-22 and the net return was worked out accordingly. The total variable cost incurred for cultivation of wheat accounted for ₹45958.36 and ₹45655.04 in Rewari and Bhiwani districts respectively. Total cost incurred was ₹86136.85 and ₹85178.89 in Rewari and Bhiwani district respectively. Farmers got higher net returns in Rewari district (₹18665.70) as compared to Bhiwani district (₹18547.61). The B:C ratio over total cost in Rewari, Bhiwani and overall were 1.21, 1.22 and 1.21 respectively.

"In the present paper an attempt has been made to examine the economic viability of sprinkler irrigation system in southern Haryana. The present study was conducted in the southern districts viz., Bhiwani and Rewari, selected on the basis of high rate of adoption of sprinkler irrigation system. For the selection of sample farmers, multistage random sampling technique was used. From each district two blocks were chosen purposively i.e., Tosham and Loharu in Bhiwani district and Khol at Rewari and Nahar in Rewari district. From each block, two villages were selected randomly. Further, 15 farmers were selected randomly from each village. Economic viability of sprinkler irrigation system was examined on the basis of the various indicators viz., NPV, IRR, B:C ratio and Payback period. Information regarding costs and returns of four major rabi crops viz., tomato, onion, wheat, mustard was taken from samples farmers for the year 2021-22. NPV, IRR, B:C ratio and payback period for sprinkler irrigation system was found out to be 384895.22, 57.99, 3.30 and 3 years respectively. This shows that the investment on sprinkler irrigation system was sound and economically viable."

In the present paper an attempt has been made to study the comparative economic analysis of tomato cultivation under sprinkler irrigation system in southern Haryana using the primary data from 35 randomly selected farmers. Multistage random sampling technique was used for the selection of sample farmers. Two districts viz., Bhiwani and Rewari were selected for the study. From each district two blocks namely Tosham and Loharu from Bhiwani district and Khol at Rewari and Nahar from Rewari districts were chosen further. The primary data were collected by personal interviews of the selected farmers with the help of a specially designed schedule. Simple statistical tool like averages, percentages and Benefit Cost ratio (B:C ratio) were used to compare and interpret the results properly. The total variable cost incurred for cultivation of tomato accounted for ₹140203.20 and ₹144476.20 in Rewari and Bhiwani districts respectively. The results also shows that total cost incurred in Rewari district (₹217714.10/ha) was lower than the cost incurred by Bhiwani farmers (₹238229.80/ha). Net returns were received to be higher in Rewari district (₹ 325393.00) as compared to Bhiwani district (₹ 295486.90) because of the high returns per hectare in Rewari district. The B:C ratio over total cost in Rewari, Bhiwani and overall were 2.49, 2.24 and 2.36, respectively.