Rainwater is the main source of drinking water in tropical communities, especially in West Kalimantan. Air contamination causes rainwater to become acidic and cloudy and adds heavy metals such as Pb into rainwater. In addition to pollution, the way in which the rainwater is collected such as through zinc roofing also exposes the rainwater to heavy metals. The presence of Pb in rainwater will have an impact on the health of the community in the long run. The model of simple water treatment using filtration is needed to overcome this problem with the use of media available in the region. The media used are in the form of mollusk sand and activated carbon. In the end, the mollusk sand filtration model and activated carbon sorption were effectively used to filter polluted rainwater to be safe for consumption.

Introduction: The current incidence of the novel coronavirus disease has shown only small reductions of cases and has become a major public health challenge. Development of effective vaccines against the virus is still being encouraged such as multi-epitope vaccines designed from the components of SARS-CoV-2 including its spike, nucleocapsid and ORF1a proteins. Since the addition of adjuvants including HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal are considered helpful to increase the effectiveness of the designed vaccine, we proposed to design multiepitope vaccines by two different adjuvants. Methods: We used the IEDB server to predict BCL and TCL epitopes that were characterized using online tools including VaxiJen, AllPred and IL-10 Prediction. The selected epitopes were further constructed into multiepitope vaccines. We also added two different adjuvants to the vaccine components in order to increase the effectiveness of the vaccines. The 3D-structured vaccines were built using trRosetta. They were further docked with different Toll-like-receptors (TLR 3, 4 and 8) and the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 using ClusPro, PatchDock and refined by FireDock. All structures were visualized by USCF Chimera and PyMOL. Results: In this study, we succeeded in designing two different candidate vaccines by the addition of HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal as adjuvants. The two vaccines were almost equally good in terms of their physicochemical properties and characteristics. Likewise, their strong interactions with TLR3 4, 8 and ACE2 show the lowest energy level of both was estimated at more than -1,000. Interactions of vaccines with ACE2 and TLRs are essential for activation of immune responses and production of antibodies. Conclusion: The two designed and constructed multiepitope vaccine have good characteristics and may have the potential to activate humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Further research is worth considering to confirm the findings of this study.

Background: Occupational exposure to aluminum can potentially cause health problems for workers in the aluminum foundry industry, which might associate with cognitive impairment. However, studies in the informal aluminum foundry industry are still very limited. This study aimed to determine the relationship between aluminum exposure and cognitive impairment in informal aluminum foundry workers. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design with logistic regression analysis. Seventy-nine workers in the informal aluminum foundry industry participated in this study. Aluminum in urine was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina) instrument. Results: A total of 69.6% of the subjects experienced cognitive impairment. There was a statistically significant relationship between urinary aluminum levels and cognitive impairment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary aluminum levels (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.550; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.281-33.499) and length of education (aOR = 16.885; 95% CI = 2.042 – 139.604) were associated with cognitive impairment, with cut-off value set at 45.985 µg/L. Other results showed that workers with less than 7 years of formal education have a 16.885 times higher risk of experiencing cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Workers with urinary aluminum levels ≥45.985µg/L and formal education fewer than 7 years have a higher risk of having cognitive impairment. Regular bio-monitoring of workers' urinary aluminum levels and adequate aluminum exposure control efforts are needed to prevent cognitive impairment in informal aluminum foundry workers.

RECK), programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), Sprouty homolog 1/2 (Spry 1/2), phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3), acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member (ANP32A), tropomyosin 1 (TPM1), forkhead box 01 (FOXO1), RhoB,

Background: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the most prevalent etiology of cervical cancer in Indonesian women. The L2 minor capsid protein has considerable potential as a broad-protective antigen target of the cervical cancer vaccine strategies, yet the data on L2 gene variation is still minimal. In this research, we determined the variations of the HPV16 L2 gene sequences in Indonesian cervical cancer specimens. Methods: We cross-sectionally observed 23 DNA isolates of HPV16 positive cervical cancer specimens stored in the laboratory of the