Fonte de auxílio à pesquisa: não financiado.Conflitos de interesse: os autores declaram que não há conflitos de interesses.
RESUMOA função de controlador aéreo exige várias horas de visualização de ecrãs, o que torna esses profissionais um grupo particularmente exposto à astenopia digital. Procuramos, com este artigo de revisão, compreender quais os métodos quantitativos e qualitativos usados atualmente para diagnosticar e avaliar a fadiga ocular em controladores de tráfego aéreo. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica utilizando as bases de dados PubMed® e ClinicalKey®, usando palavras-chave, tendo sido selecionados artigos de revisão e estudos observacionais com publicação posterior ao ano 2000, de modo que os termos buscados estivessem no título e/ou resumo do trabalho. Excluímos artigos em línguas que não inglesa. Existem vários métodos para melhor caracterizar a astenopia digital, destacando-se os subjetivos, como questionários, e os objetivos, que procuram, por um lado, diagnosticar o olho seco, bem como alterações da acomodação e da convergência. Da análise efetuada, ressaltou-se uma escassez de estudos prospectivos com Níveis de Evidência moderados e altos relacionados com a aplicação dos vários métodos de diagnóstico. A Computer-Vision Symptom Scale parece ser um questionário confiável e que pode ser aplicado aos controladores de tráfego aéreo, para diagnóstico de astenopia digital. Vários métodos objetivos podem também ser utilizados para essa avaliação, sendo importante, numa fase posterior, aplicar esses dois tipos de métodos de diagnóstico para avaliar a prevalência dessa patologia em controladores de tráfego aéreo.
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare all retinal layers' thickness in full-term and preterm children without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods Cross-sectional study including two groups of patients: group 1 children with history of preterm gestation without ROP (gestational age < 37 weeks) and group 2 healthy children with history of full-term gestation. All subjects underwent an ophthalmic examination including spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. After automatic retinal segmentation, each retinal layer thickness (eight separate layers and overall thickness) was calculated in all nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study areas. Demographic, systemic, gestational, and birth data were collected. Generalized additive regression models were used to analyze the data. Results Fifty-one children (51 eyes) were recruited, 19 full-term and 32 preterm children, mean age at ophthalmic examination of 10.58 (4.21) and 14.13 (3.16), respectively. In multivariable analysis, the preterm group's retinal thickness was significantly decreased in total retina nasal outer sector, ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL), specifically GCL temporal outer (p = 0.010), GCL superior outer (p = 0.009), IPL temporal outer (p = 0.022), and IPL superior outer (p = 0.004), when compared with full-term group. From the variables compared only with birth head circumference that influenced the models, a non-linear association was identified and consequently modeled with splines through a generalized additive model. Conclusion This study suggests that preterm children without ROP have structural retinal alterations, mostly in GCL and IPL in outer areas of the macula. Therefore, it is crucial to question gestational history since these retinal changes may be found later in life leading to useless investigation.
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