The article is intended to study the destruction mechanism of yarns of different structures under different types of deformations that occur during their textile processing (weaving, knitting, etc.). Improving the wear resistance of yarns is one of the main ways to determine the causes of their destruction in textile processing with their subsequent elimination. The significance of this problem is determined by the fact that increasing the reliability and endurance of yarns is equivalent to increasing output without additional labor and material resources. The ability of yarns for textile processing is mainly determined by their mechanical characteristics in tension: tensile strength and elongation, endurance, longevity, cyclic elongation, and the like. In the regulatory documents, this ability is mainly assessed only by the indicators of tensile strength and elongation, which does not fully characterize their behavior in textile processing. Therefore, the study of the features of the yarn destruction under different types of mechanical interactions, as well as the impact of their structure on the process of destruction, is relevant for predicting their endurance and developing a new range of textile fabrics.