The giant honey bee Apis dorsata has a vast distribution in Asia, including in the Indonesian archipelagos, whereas A. d. binghami is endemic to Sulawesi Island. This research aimed to analyze the variations of landmarks in wing venation of A. dorsata from Sumatra, Belitung, Java, Sumbawa, Moluccas islands, and A. d. binghami in Sulawesi, based on geometric morphometric analysis. Nineteen landmarks from 200 wing venations were analyzed using Thin Plate Spline software. Our study found landmarks 16 and 17, known as Cubital Index in traditional morphometrics, contributed to the wing shape of A. dorsata and A. d. binghami Among all samples, these two landmarks show high displacement in the wing shape of A. d. binghami in Sulawesi and A. dorsata in the Moluccas. On the contrary, we found that the Sumatra, Belitung, and Java Apis dorsata revealed low displacement in the deformation grid; resulting in their shapes being more similar to the reference landmark. The variations of wing shape separate A. d. binghami from Sulawesi and Sumbawa in the Principle Component Analysis and agreement with the Neighbor-joining tree. Therefore, the geometric morphometric based on landmarks of wing venation is a powerful tool to discriminate the subspecies level of A. dorsata.

The use of technology in rice farming is urgently needed by farmers to increase productivity and increase business efficiency. The characteristics of technological innovation consisting of relative advantages, compatibility, compatibility, trialability, and observation can influence farmers' attitudes to adopt technology. Some technological innovations used by farmers using a machine combining harvesters, tractors, Ciherang-type superior seeds, and planting. The purpose of this research is to conduct a consistent constitutional trial of various technological innovation variables and public acceptance of the technology being introduced. This research was conducted in Aceh Besar and Pidie Jaya districts using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) analysis model and descriptive analysis. The final results of this study are expected so that the government can adopt policies that are appropriate to the needs of technology in agriculture that can be accepted by the community.