A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the assay of olanzapine (OLN.) in pure and dosage forms. The method is based on the diazocoupling of (OLN.) with diazotized p-nitroaniline in alkaline medium to form a stable brown colored water-soluble azo dye with a maximum absorption at 405 nm.  The variables that affect the completion of reaction have been carefully optimized. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of (0.5-45.0 μg.mL-1) with a molar absorptivity of 1.5777×104 L.mol-1.cm-1.  The limit of detection was  0.3148  Î¼g.mL-1 and  Sandell’s  sensitivity value was 0.0198 μg.cm-2. The proposed method has been applied successfully to the determination of olanzapine in tablet pharmaceutical preparations. Keywords: Spectrophotometry, Olanzapine, Diazotization, p-nitroaniline, tablet dosage form.

New simple, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive spectrophotometric technique has been developed for the estimation of Metochloropramide hydrochloride [MCP-HCl] in pure and pharmaceutical preparation. This technique is based on the diazotization of a primary amino group of Metochloropramide hydrochloride [MCP-HCl] with NaNo2 and HCl followed by coupling with p-nitro aniline in alkaline medium to obtain a stable red-colored water-soluble azo-dye, show a maximum absorption (λmax) at 513. 50nm. Bear,s low is obeyed in the concentration range of (0.2–25) μg.ml-1 with molar absorptivity of 2.313×103L.mol-1.cm-1and sandall’s sensitivity 0.0145 μg.mL-2. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitative were 0.182 μg.mL-1and 0.553 μg.mL-1, respectively. The proposed technique successfully applied to (tablets, syrup, and injection).

In this study, a total of 209 individuals of leeches were collected from Al-Hindyia River / Babil Province. 116 individuals were identified as Erpobdella octaculata (Linnaeus, 1758), 50 individuals as Erpobdella punctata (Leidy,1870) and 43 individuals as Hemiclepsis marginata (Müller, 1774). Four samples were collected monthly during a period from February to June 2018. Some physical and chemical water properties were also examined, including air and water temperature, potential of hydrogen pH, Electrical Conductivity EC, Total Dissolved Solid TDS, Dissolved Oxygen DO, and the Biological Oxygen Demand BOD₅. Air and water temperature were ranged 19.5-29, & 14.6-23.2 °C respectively. The values of pH ranged 6.2-7.6. EC ranged 1104-1581 μs/cm². The TDS recorded 669-767 mg/l, while the DO reached 1.3-8.5 mg / l, the BOD₅ ranged 3.5-5.7 mg/l.