The paper presents the stages and the operations involved in the preservation and restoration of two icons on wooden support, from the XIX-th century, which are part of the heritage of the ”Sfinții Arhangheli Mihail and Gavriil” church, from Galați. The two icon have inventory numbers as part of the collection as followed: 112 for the first icon and 113 for the second one. Both icons have the same theme, ”The Grieving Mother from Rohia” and are made by anonymous painters in egg tempera, on lime wooden support, without ground. Being part of the same collection, they were deposited in the same place and as a direct consequence, they suffer from similar deteriorations and degradations that affect both the support and the painting layer. Both panels are attacked by xylophagous insects and the painting layer has detachments, gaps, cracks, clogged dirt and a cracked and degraded varnish layer. Ten samples taken from the already detached areas were analyzed by optical microscope, SEM-EDX and micro-FTIR. Based on the chemical elements identified in the EDX spectrums, the pigments used to create the painting layer are: ultramarine natural blue Na8-10Al6Si6O24S2-4, carbon black, earth green, K[(Al,FeIII),(FeII,Mg)](AlSi3,Si4)O10(OH)2, ocher (FeO), burned or natural umber Fe2O3· H2O + MnO2·n H2O+ Al2O3, lead white (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) and yellow iron oxide (Fe2O3·4H2O). It was also determined that the gold leaf usually used in byzantine icons was replaced in the case of both icons: the icon number 112 has silver leaf covered with varnish, while the halo of the icon number 113 was created with yellow metallic pigments (realgar or orpigment).The pigments were also identified by determining specific peaks in micro-FTIR spectrums. For natural ultramarine blue the peaks between 628 - 724 cm-1 were assigned; the peaks in the interval 795 - 887 cm-1 confirm the presence of carbonates (calcium and lead based). The earth green pigment (aluminum - silicates) had the peaks between 1464 - 1599, while the carbon black pigment was confirmed by the peaks in the interval 921 - 1060 cm-1. After the pigments and the materials used by the author were identified, the restoration process begun with the following stages: consolidation of the painting layer (fish glue 8% and japanese paper), stopping the xylophagous attack (encapsulation with nitrogen), consolidation of the wood supports (colophon and wax, 1:1), cleaning the painting layer (ethylic alcohol and distilled water, 1:1), filling the gaps and reintegrating the fillings in tratteggio, all followed by the process of varnishing the two icons.

The consolidation of the painting layer or plane and carved gildings which represent different types of detachments is an essential operation for the preservation and restoration of the cultural goods of polychrome wood. Our paper focuses on testing a new type of acrylic binder applied on cracks with blind detachments with an OMRON nebulizer with NE-C28P compressor which sprays microparticles of 3 μm under a hermetic film that covers the operated surfaces. The experiments have been performed on samples of old gilded wood. The results are compared to those obtained by using the traditional process of peliculization of the acrylic binder over the detached surfaces and with the process of spraying. The analysis techniques used are the optical microscope and SEM-EDX.

O COMPORTAMENTO DO SHLAGMETAL APLICADO A DIFERENTES TIPOS DE MORDENTES ResumoO schlagmetal (ouro holandês), obtido a partir de uma liga de cobre e zinco é uma alternativa barata à folha de ouro, mas sua cor muda devido a oxidações que aparecem como resultado de manipulações incorrectas ou de exposição a fatores ambientais (temperatura, umidade). Este artigo apresenta a influência da película de proteção à base de goma-laca e de dois aglutinantes (à base de óleo e água) no schlagmetal. aplicado sobre um suporte de madeira com preparação de gesso. Para avaliar o comportamento da folha de metal nas estruturas apresentadas no presente estudo, as amostras foram expostas a envelhecimento artificial e as alterações registadas foram analisadas por microscopia óptica (MO), SEM-EDX e colorimetria em sistema CIE L*a*b*. Palavras -chaveSchlagmetal, mordente, envelhecimento artificial, OM, SEM-EDX, Colorimetria em sistema CIE L*a*b*. EL COMPORTAMIENTO DEL SCHLAGMETAL APLICADO A DISTINTOS TIPOS DE MORDIENTES. ResumenEl schlagmetal (Oro holandés) , obtenido a partir de una aleación de cobre y zinc es una alternativa barata a la hoja de oro , pero su color cambia debido a la oxidación que aparece a consecuencia de una manipulación incorrecta o de la exposición a factores ambientales (temperatura, humedad). En este artículo se estudia la influencia de la película de protección a base de goma laca y de dos aglutinantes (a base de agua y aceite) en el schlagmetal, aplicada sobre un soporte de madera con preparación de yeso.Para evaluar el comportamiento de la hoja metálica en las estructuras que se presentan en este estudio, se expusieron las muestras a un envejecimiento artificial y los cambios Palabras claveSchlagmetal, mordiente, envejecimiento artificial, MO, MEV-EDX, colorimetría en sistema CIE L*a*b*. AbstractThe schlagmetal (Dutch Gold), obtained from an alloy of copper and zinc is a cheap alternative for gold leaf, but its colour changes due to oxidations which appear as a result of incorrect manipulations or of exposure to environmental factors (temperature, humidity). This paper presents the influence of shellac based protection film and of two mixtion binders (water and oil based size) on the schlagmetal applied on a gessoed wooden support. To evaluate the behaviour of the metal sheet in the structures presented in this study, the samples were exposed to artificial ageing, and the occurred changes were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), SEM-EDX and colorimetry in CIE L*a*b* system.

During the consolidation and rehabilitation interventions of George RaduMelidon City Library Roman, Neamţ County, a series of architectural terracotta decorations, manufactured in the second half of the century XIX, have been identified and cataloged. The current state of these decorations, made from geomaterials, requires the establishment of a technical solution which will be used to preserve, to strengthen the color, the aesthetic surface and the chromatic reintegration. Thus, the paper presents the study of four current commercial chemicals products, part of the additives hydrophobic/waterproofing group. One of the products is a water based emulsion, while the other three are organic based solvents. This study was required in order to develop an optimal treatment to preserve the old terracotta from facade of building already mentioned. The technical features that these products have in common are sealing and waterproofing by superficial coating, with an average penetration and restoration of chromatic aspect, as close to the original. CIE L*a*b* colorimetry, optical microscopy and the measure of humidity (reversible water content and related chemical) were implemented in the study of optimization of pellicle dispersion systems based on the four chemicals.

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