PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between cultural values (as defined by Hofstede) and accounting values (as described by Gray) in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThe appropriate data for a period of ten years (1993‐2002) were compiled from economical magazines, the Iran Statistical Yearbook, financial statements, and auditors’ reports of the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. LISREL was used to analyze the data.FindingsThe results of this research show the relationships among cultural and accounting values in Iran and found support for more than one‐half of Gray's hypotheses. Numerous issues, such as the abnormal evolution of accounting in Iran, the impact of unstable economics, inappropriate use of accounting methods and procedures which are common among developing countries, the impact of governmental ownership, and the lack of well developed capital market tradition may be some determining factors as to why several of Gray's hypotheses were not supported through this research.Originality/valueThis paper analyzes the effect of Iran's cultural changes on accounting practice and encourages research that examines all dimensions of accounting in Iran and other developing countries.

The objective of the current survey was to excavate the effect of the rate of hormones in the blood, age, and gender on the financial behavior of managers. Also, preparing and propounding the neurofinance model of financial behaviors that have generated anomalies such as optimism in the market is other intentions of this study. This research has been operated with an inductive approach and experimentally in a one-time period in a statistical population consisting of 37 male and female managers with an average age of 25-60 years. The amounts of the testosterone, free testosterone, cortisol T3, T4, and TSH were deliberate in a medical diagnostic laboratory with a blood test. Managers' optimism data were accumulated with a standardized questionnaire straight away afterward receiving the blood sample. The prepared data were analyzed with SPSS and LISREL and RSM software. The outcomes demonstrated that age has a significant inverse relationship with optimism.Free Testosterone; T4 and testosterone play an inverse role in optimism augmenting. Cortisol and T3 are straightly related to optimism. Also, financial behavior is further related to the dimension of optimism in women than men, and with growing older, optimism decreases. The significant effect of testosterone and cortisol, age and gender on optimism, confirmed the effect of these hormones on the financial behavior in other studies. The effect of testosterone and thyroid hormones on optimism was considered in this survey for the first time.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto calendario del mes sagrado de Ramadán sobre el volumen de operaciones y los rendimientos anormales en el mercado de capitales iraní durante los años 2009 a 2019 durante 10 años en la bolsa de valores. El presente estudio se considera aplicado en términos de propósito y correlación en términos de método descriptivo. Además, se utilizó el modelo de panel de datos para investigar la relación entre las variables. De acuerdo con los resultados, la variable coeficiente del efecto del mes sagrado de Ramadán sobre el volumen de negociación tiene un nivel significativo de 0.441, por lo tanto, considerando que este valor es mayor que el nivel alfa de la investigación, que es igual a 0.05, por lo tanto, no se rechaza esta hipótesis (cero) de que la variable del efecto del Ramadán no es efectiva sobre la variable de volumen de comercio. Por tanto, el efecto del calendario del mes sagrado sobre el volumen de transacciones no es significativo. Según los resultados la variable coeficiente del efecto del Ramadán y el retorno de la acción tiene un nivel significativo de 0.000, por lo que considerando que este valor es menor que el nivel alfa de la investigación, que es igual a 0.05, por lo tanto, esta hipótesis (cero) que la variable de efecto Ramadán D01 no afecta la rentabilidad de las acciones en Irán, se rechaza.