The study is aimed at identifying the causes of stress amongst daily routine of nurses working in the ICU unit of Ittefaq Hospital Lahore. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to gain an insight into factors which may be causing stress to the nurses. The results were analyzed using statistical tools. An overall finding of the study is that all the nurses were suffering from stress however, the reasons of stress are different. Consensus was that three biggest causes of stress are prolonged shifts and extra duties, shortage of staff and excessive workload.The other major causes of stress identified are inappropriate or poor communication between doctors and nurses, lack of support and motivation, unexpected deaths or patients undergoing painful procedures, lack of breaks, lack of cooperation from peers and supervisors/managers. The patients themselves can also be a source of stress for example, problematic patients or their aggressive family members as well as improper work environment also contribute to stress.There is a dire need to develop stress alleviating programs and therapies at the hospitals. Nurses, doctors and managers should be encouraged to participate in such programs towards building stress-free work environment where patients can be served better.

Background: Prenatal care is medical valuation of mother and fetus, for the duration of gestation used for getting best possible result for the mother and child. Early observation and ongoing care during pregnancy provided more favorable births compared to no prenatal observation. Methodology: The quantitative cross-sectional study design was used with convenient sampling (n=133) from community of Hussain Abad Lahore. Pregnant women between the ages of 20 to 45 years of age. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21 version and application of chi-square test (p=<0.05). Result: The respondents 69.1% (n=94) were identified that pregnant women require to go for their checkup. This study reveals that (n=31) 21.4% participants were agree, (n=98)71.1% participants were disagreed, (n=06)4.4% were neutral that they have Seek antenatal care regularly during pregnancy. 83.1% women believe that antenatal checkup is worthy to monitor mother & fetus’ well-being. Conclusion: 64.7% pregnant women response in yes regarding knowledge about antenatal care. The attitude was shown positive somewhere as 69.6% women were agree and as well as negative, also as 30.1% respondents were disagreed and therefore 61% participants have positive practices towards antenatal care. There was significant association between qualification and knowledge of expectant women about prenatal care, significant association in qualification and attitude and there was insignificant association in qualification and practices. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 155-162

Nursing is an art science and an essential health care profession in which the skilled knowledgeable persons are committed to provide care to sick peoples and strive for the, protection and promotion of health and prevention against diseases and helps to minimize the risk and risk related injuries. Urinary tract infections are very common infection in the hospital settings almost responsible for 40% nosocomial infections. All the urinray tract infection is expected that approximately more than 70% infection reported because of indewelling cathters.Objectives: To assess the perceptions of nurses regarding indwelling urinary catheter and its care. To assess the practices of nurses to prevent the indwelling catheter related urinary tract infection. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional design and data was collected through a five point Likert scale questioner. Study population was the nursing staff from the Jinnah hospital Lahore. Sample size was 184 nurses from all indoor departments of the Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Results: The findings show that the practice and perceptions scores of the registered nurses' in the study group are insignificant with age, qualification and experience (i.e., p-value > 0.05) with the evidence-based guidelines for prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection. Results of study indicated insignificant relationship between registered nurses' practice and perceptions regarding the indwelling urinary catheter associated infection.

Introduction: Hepatitis C infection is developing risk and real burden on general wellbeing, overall prevalence of hepatitis C is 3% (170 million tainted individuals). Roughly 10 million individuals are contaminated in Pakistan and prevalence is relied upon to be higher in isolated places. Methodology: This was descriptive cross-sectional study. Convenient sampling was used and data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Results: The findings of the research were good Response rate of this review was 100 % and mean number of "Yes" answers to knowledge, behavior and practice questions were 51%, 46% and 42% individually. Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude and practice about hepatitis C among adolescences was insignificant. Consequences of this investigation show lack of understanding about disease control and prevention. The level of knowledge was good among people but there was no significant association between attitude and practices. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 138-145

Background: Poverty is a major social worldwide issue. "Poverty is like punishment for a crime you didn't commit". Poverty as a concept almost uniquely applied to humans. It refers to a condition that causes its victims through lack of economic resources to live lives in which they cannot fully participate in the range of activities expressive of their nature as human beings Moral is a socialized reasoning that develops as a result of the norms of a society and influenced by the culture of that society.(Dana and Galbraith 2016). Objective: The main purpose of the study is to assess the relationship of poverty and the moral development of community people. Methodology: A co relational study design was use. A small sample of n=100 was selected Convenient sampling technique was used for the collection of data.  Self-prepared 5 point Likert scale questionnaire adapted from thesis of Solomon Fakinlede (2008).The questionnaire tools was used to get some basic information which includes participant age, marital relationship, and family structure, no of children. After the collection of data, it was enter to Statistical Package for Social Sciences 21 (SPSS). Result: The Results found reveals that the coefficient of correlation rs value of the spears man correlation test is 0.939, which suggest that there is a positive, strong, linear correlation between the poverty and moral development. Conclusion: In conclusion, it stated that this research study found the relationship between the poverty and moral development in a society. The results revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between the poverty and moral development of the people.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 113-124