The data show that the CSP technique is safe, effective and quicker than HSP for patients and it could be considered the ideal procedure for small polyp removal.

Our data suggest that BIS monitoring led to a reduction in the mean propofol dose when the BIS value was used as the primary target for sedation in ERCP procedures.

The study demonstrated no difference in the detection of polyps by colonoscopy using deep or moderate sedation.

No abstract

Sedation and analgesia comprise an important element of unpleasant and often prolonged endoscopic retro grade cholangiopacreatography (ERCP), contributing, however, to better patient tolerance and compliance and to the reduction of injuries during the procedure due to inappropriate cooperation. Although most of the studies used a moderate level of sedation, the lite rature has revealed the superiority of deep sedation and general anesthesia in performing ERCP. The anes thesiologist's presence is mandatory in these cases. A moderate sedation level for ERCP seems to be adequate for octogenarians. The sedative agent of choice for sedation in ERCP seems to be propofol due to its fast distribution and fast elimination time without a cumu lative effect after infusion, resulting in shorter recovery time. Its therapeutic spectrum, however, is much nar rower and therefore careful monitoring is much more demanding in order to differentiate between moderate, deep sedation and general anesthesia. Apart from con ventional monitoring, capnography and Bispectral index or Narcotrend monitoring of the level of sedation seem to be useful in titrating sedatives in ERCP.