This study aims to analyse the effect of three types of organic fertilizers on the vegetative growth several varieties of soybeans. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors, namely organic fertilizers and varieties. The first factor is: organic fertilizer from 3 levels, namely: K1 (1.5 kg of compost), K2 (1.5 kg of goat manure), and K3 (1.5 kg of chicken manure). The second factor is: soybean plant varieties consist of 4 levels, namely: V1 (Dena 1), V2 (Devon 1), V3 (Anjasmoro) and V4 (Derap 1). The parameters observed were plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, amount of chlorophyll, leaf area, and flowering age. The results of our research is organic fertilizers have a significant effect and are able to increase the growth of soybean plants except for leaf area and flowering age. Types of varieties had a significant effect and were able to increase plant height, number of branches, leaf area, and flowering age, but had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and the amount of chlorophyll. Moreover, there isn't interaction effect between the two treatments for all parameters.

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Ophelimus eucalypti and Ophelimus maskelli are gall wasps that are considered as a threat to the large Eucalyptus commercial plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. However, they are partially suppressed by parasitoids including Closterocerus chamaeleon.The aim of this study was to evaluate the longevity and daily survival rate of O. eucalypti, O. maskelli and C. chamaeleon adults when receiving or not receiving food sources and also when reared in four different vial types under two environments (one environmentally controlled and another ambient), in a laboratory in Riau, Sumatra. The rearing test of C. chamaeleon as a biocontrol agent would be used for augmentative releases. We also evaluated the duration of the stages and the complete lifespan (egg ! larva ! pupa ! adult) of O. eucalypti in a greenhouse in Porsea, North Sumatra, Indonesia, where this species is aggressive. With few exceptions, the longevity and survival rate of O. eucalypti, O. maskelli and C. chamaeleon adults was similar between the two conditions. The longevity and survival of C. chamaeleon were much greater than those of its gall wasp hosts, and of O. eucalypti greater than that of O. maskelli. Overall, these parameters were greater for gall wasps and the parasitoid reared in the larger vial types. The food source provided to O. maskelli adults did not however benefit the longevity of this gall wasp in the best tube type. The lifespan of O. eucalypti (mean ± SD of the mean) was 44 ± 6 days in a greenhouse.The much greater longevity and survival rate of C. chamaeleon than those of its hosts are facts that trigger the success of this insect as a gall wasp parasitoid. The higher longevity and survival of O. eucalypti compared to O. maskelli contribute to the higher threat status of O. eucalypti to Eucalyptus.

Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) is planted in North Sumatera, Indonesia for pulpwood production. This plant is prone to be attacked by insects that are pests in annual crops. The objective of this study was to identify white grub species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) on Eucalyptus trees in private company PT. Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL) in Aek Nauli Sector, Simalungun District, North Sumatera, Indonesia. White grubs on Eucalyptus spp. were collected from field and brought to Entomology Laboratory in Porsea. Grubs were reared successfully in the soil mixed of soil with cocopeat. White grub was identified as Exopholis hypoleuca (Wiedmann) based on the analysis of the external morphology of its larvae and adult's wing venation.