Sorghum bicolor L. Moench is a versatile crop, corn which is used for forage and fodder (for feeding agricultural animals, birds, fishes), as well as a source of raw materials for the food processing industry. Especially important is the cultivation of sorghum in the lower Volga region of Russia, characterized by frequent soil and air droughts. In "Rossorgo" scouting for earliness, high yield, improved grain quality, resistance to diseases and pests. The test sorghum genotypes were conducted at the experimental field of center "Rossorgo" in 2014-2016. All records of productivity elements of productivity and biochemical evaluation of grains are made according to standard techniques. The results of long-term work were identified and approved for use in the lower Volga region 12 varieties and 2 hybrids of sorghum. Varieties Pischevoe 35, Pischevoe 614, Кremovoe, Fakel can be used in the food industry. Grits from grain of sorghum has a higher ratio of the cooking property in comparison with cereals from other cultures. The early-maturing varieties Perspektivny 1 and Start, intended for planting with different width of spacing -15, 45 and 70 cm were bred. Varieties of Granat, Volzhskoe 44, Avans and hybrids Irgiz, Volgar, combine high yields (5.31-10.8 t/ha) and 11.32-12.56% of crude protein in grain. Heterotic hybrids of Irgiz and Volgar are by tall (149.6 of 175.9 cm) and highest grain yield (8.02-10.8 t/ha). As raw material for starch varieties recommended Avans, Volzhskoe 44, Sarmat, Perspektivny 1, Geliofor, Volzhskoe 4, Topaz and hybrid Volgar with content in grain starch 72.31-75.60%. New varieties (Azart, Geliofor, Magistr, Bogdan, Bakalavr, Granat) characterized by a high content of starch (71.47-74.50%) and medium protein (the 11.04-12.59%), pass state testing. Thus, "Rossorgo" offers a farmer a range of cultivars and hybrids of grain sorghum, allowing the obtaining stable yields of grain and extending the use of culture in the region.

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Experimental studies of the effect of chelated forms of fertilizers on sorghum yield in arid conditions have been carried out. It is found out that to increase productivity and improve the main economic characteristics of a crop, it is advisable to use liquid chelated micronutrient fertilizers Reasil Forte Carb-Ca / Mg / B-Amino and Reasil micro Amino Zn as foliar application in the phase of 5-7 leaves (first treatment) with subsequent treatments after 10 days. It is proved that this method provides an increase in the yield of grain and green mass of sorghum by 0.27-0.60 and 27.1-39.9 t/ha, respectively, and also increases the content of valuable amino acids in the green mass: arginine, threonine, isoleucine, valine, and phenylalanine, which in turn increases the nutritional value of sorghum green mass for feeding farm animals. It is concluded that foliar application with micronutrient fertilizers reduces plant stress from unfavorable climatic conditions, which leads to stabilization of yields over the years and partially removes dependence on weather conditions.

The ability of sugar sorghum plants to accumulate 18-24% of water-soluble sugars in the juice of stems expands the potential of the crop as a raw material for the production of not only feed (green feed, silage), but also in various areas of the processing industry for food (glucose-fructose syrup, sorghum honey) and technical purposes (bioethanol, biofuels). The brief review presents data on the origin; biological features of sorghum; on the fractional composition of water-soluble sugars; on global trends in the use of renewable energy sources. The advantage of growing Sorghum saccharatum as a sugar carrier in regions with insufficient moisture is reflected. Keywords: SUGAR SORGHUM, WATER-SOLUBLE SUGARS, FRUCTOSE, GLUCOSE, SUCROSE, SUGAR SYRUP, BIOETHANOL, BIOFUEL

Использование мировой коллекции ВИР в селекции новых сортов и гибридов сахарного сорго для засушливых регионов РФ РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность. В настоящее время уникальная по засухоустойчивости высокопродуктивная сельскохозяйственная культура сахарное сорго традиционно используется в растениеводческой отрасли АПК в основном на кормовые цели для производства из биомассы сена, силоса, сенажа, монокорма, брикетов; в последние годы развивается направление, связанное с технической и пищевой переработкой. Селекционеры широко привлекают исходный материал из мировой коллекции ВИР, на базе которого создаются новые высокопродуктивные сорта и гибриды, отличающиеся высоким содержанием сахаров в соке стеблей, а также вызревающие в условиях региона возделывания. Разнонаправленная селекция новых сортов сахарного сорго с заданными хозяйственными признаками является актуальной для обеспечения сырьем различных отраслей АПК.Методы. Полевая оценка морфометрических показателей, урожайности биомассы и семян исследуемых образцов проведена по Методике государственного сортоиспытания сельскохозяйственных культур, а также согласно Широкому унифицированному классификатору возделываемых видов рода Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.