Abstract. Introduction. Revealing, studying and applying the common factors of causal connections between changes of entrepreneurial activity and the level of states' and regions' socio-economic development form essential conditions for sustainable outcome. The complexity of analysing the above connections as well as synthesising well-grounded managerial decisions based on them are primarily embedded in the inhomogeneity of internal and external entrepreneurship environment. The purpose of the article is to define the peculiarities of the Ukrainian entrepreneurial activity causal field and provide comparative analysis with the other countries based at the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) methodology and findings (since it has not covered Ukraine). Methods. To meet the purpose, economic analysis of statistical data, synthesis and expert survey have been used. Results. As the result of data processing, the actual pending status characteristics have been obtained forming the elements of the causal field of entrepreneurship. The GEM studies' comparative analysis allows us forecasting such trends in Ukraine, as the growth of the number of micro-enterprises as well as entrepreneurs, engaged in self-employment. However, a certain part of entrepreneurial activity goes to «shadow»; the number of innovative enterprises will be cut down because of the reduction of both state and private funding; entrepreneurs are expected to reallocate their activities towards the business with fast funds turnover. Conclusion. To modify the existing negative trends in Ukrainian business activity, in the system of causal connections should be strengthened the following sectors: start-up funding; support of business incubator for the businessmen-beginners; nationwide assessment and monitoring of causal connections of Ukrainian entrepreneurial activity using the GEM methodology; increase of educational programs for entrepreneurs supported by leading Ukrainian universities. Keywords: Causal Field; Entrepreneurial Activity; Economic Development JEL Classification: F63; L26; О11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V165-01 Пономаренко В. С. доктор економічних наук, професор, ректор, Харківський національний економічний університет імені Семена Кузнеця Гонтарева І. В. доктор економічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри підприємницької діяльності, Харківський національний економічний університет імені Семена Кузнеця Система каузальних зв'язків між формами підприємницької діяльності й типами економічного розвитку Анотація. Ідентифікація, вивчення та застосування закономірностей дії причинно-наслідкових зв'язків між змінами підприємницької активності й темпами соціально-економічного розвитку країн і регіонів є обов'язковими умовами стійкого позитивного результату. Метою статті є виявлення характеристик каузального поля підприємницької активності України та їх порівняльний аналіз із аналогічними характеристиками, отриманими за методикою Глобального моніторингу підприємництва (GEM) в інших країнах. З метою зміни негативних тенденцій у підприємницькі...

The world practice has proven that universities can become a source of innovations and the centers of innovative movement. However, there is almost no research into the development of innovative ecosystems of universities under conditions of limited funding and permanent crisis phenomena in the economy. This is a characteristic feature of many countries in the world that are developing or being transformed. The tool for reducing the action of negative factors is to increase the level of organization of innovative ecosystems of universities. It was found that the consequences of creating an innovative ecosystem of the University are an increase in the degree of commercialization of knowledge of university scientists and students, improvement of human capital, and intensifying cooperation between science, education, business and government agencies in the field of research and innovation. The main actors in the university’s innovation ecosystem were separated and their main functional roles were described. In particular, functional roles include education (innovative and entrepreneurial educational programs), basic science (scientific parks, scientific and research laboratories), applied science (startup accelerators, business incubators, startup clubs), and commercialization (centers for knowledge and technology transfer). The experience of creating separate elements of innovative ecosystems of universities of the world was considered and positive results were given. The essence of the concepts of commercialization of knowledge, technology transfer was studied and basic methodological approaches to the creation of the Center for knowledge and technologies transfer on the university base were explored. The purpose, objectives, directions, and functions of the Center for Knowledge and Technology Transfer were highlighted. It was proposed to focus on working at specific requests at any stage of the development of the idea on the principles of the individual approach of targeted assistance, openness to communications, and support throughout all stages of an innovative project.

The article presents the conditions on use of the recommendations of the Commission on the measurement of economic performance and social progress at the enterprise level. The system characteristics of social and institutional capital enterprise defined and analyzed for this, as well as their unity and difference are proved. The conditions of the transformation of social capital into organizing one are defined using the methods of the theory of functional systems. The concept of the mechanism of the enterprise efficiency formation formulated taking into account organizational capital. Characteristics of effectiveness the degree of influence on quantitative and qualitative results of the company identified.

In the current conditions of development of European integration processes and strengthening of role of international economic relations, a significant role is played by customs policy and its effective implementation in the context of administering duties. The fiscal and regulatory component of customs duties plays an important role in shaping the financial resources of the state and enhancing the customs security of Ukraine. The theoretical and organizational principles for administering duties have been outlined in the article. Fiscal analysis of the formation of budgetary resources at the expense of import and export duties has been carried out. The article states that import duty is a common tool for regulation of foreign economic activity, along with this it increases the price of goods and reduces its competitiveness.The forecasting of budget revenues from the duty for the near future has been performed. The coefficient of collection of import and export duties has been calculated and its dynamics has been highlighted.It has been found that customs payments are characterized by a regularity of revenues, as the population often needs the consumption of goods and services.The monitoring of the taxation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine made it possible to find out that the fiscal function of custom duty appears to be insignificant in relation to other tax payments, but the nature of customs administration is manifested in its regulatory influence. It should be noted that the policy in the field of customs taxation of consumption should be flexible and take into account the peculiarities of socio-economic development and the state of the consumer market in Ukraine.On the basis of identification of positive and negative features of the customs tax, measures to increase the efficiency of administration of customs duties to the budget have been formulated, among which, the main attention should be paid to simplifying customs clearance procedures, counteracting contraband and corruption facts, enhancing professional skills of the personnel capacities customs units of SFSof Ukraine and automating customs administration and regulation procedures.

The broad introduction of digital technologies makes changes in the structure of socio-economic relations between labor and capital in the market, affecting its informational efficiency. The purpose of the article is a systems analysis of the structure of the cause and effect relationships between the informational efficiency of exchange prices, which affect the desired rate of return for investors; characteristics of the digital economy, methods used by entrepreneurs to evaluate specific assets. The analysis of the informational efficiency of markets based on the Fama-Samuelson criterion and conducted with the use of likelihood functions showed the down trend in the informativeness of exchange prices. According to the authors, this is due to a significant discrepancy in the price of transactions with real goods and futures operations, which are based on a variety of rational and irrational expectations. At the same time, the disproportionate growth of the derivative capital strengthens the influence of irrational expectations and contributes to the growth of the number of speculative transactions while the uncertainty of the external business environment is growing. Under these conditions, it is proposed to use the real options theory to evaluate specific tangible assets of entrepreneurial projects Furthermore, the authors outlined the main characteristics of the digital economy in terms of entrepreneurship; carried out an analysis of market-based business opportunities resulting from the characteristics of the digital economy. On this basis, two causal chains are specified. For entrepreneurs in traditional spheres of activity, which has the following form: cause: excess labor — effect: a chance for development — market conditions: entrepreneurial activity, public-private partnership. And for entrepreneurs in the field of information and communication technologies, which is as follows: cause: poor structuring of information — effect: a chance for development — implementation conditions: availability of ideas for structuring of information flows.