Влияние языковой ситуации на изменения обобщенных характеристик языковой личности двуязычных учащихся (русско-эстонский билингвизм), получающих образование на эстонском языке И. М. Моисеенко, Н. В. Мальцева-Замковая, Н. В. Чуйкина (Таллин, Эстония) Проблема и цель. В статье рассматривается влияние языковой ситуации, сложившейся в настоящее время в Эстонии, на изменения обобщенных характеристик языковой личности двуязычных учащихся (русско-эстонский билингвизм), получающих образование в школах с эстонским (государственным) языком обучения. Цель статьиопределить изменения, произошедшие в языковой личности учащихся-билингвов за последние 10 лет, в том числе в их лингвистическом развитии. Методология. Основными методами исследования были анкетирование, сравнительный анализ полученных при анкетировании данных, их статистическая обработка. В качестве инструментов автоматизации были использованы формы и таблицы Google. Результаты. Выявлены изменения, произошедшие в языковой личности учащихся-билингвов за последние 10 лет, в связи со сложившейся языковой ситуацией. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о сужении сфер функционирования русского языка у данного контингента учащихся, его использовании преимущественно в бытовой сфере, в то же время о расширении сфер применения русского (родного) языка в письменной форме. Ключевые слова: билингвизм; родной язык; языковая личность; сфера общения; языковая ситуация; лингвистическое развитие; анкетирование. Моисеенко Ирина Михайловнакандидат педагогических наук, доцент Института гуманитарных наук, Таллинский университет.

Авторы предлагают ознакомиться с предпосылками и принципами проведения курса «Двуязычие и родной (русский) язык» для магистрантов Таллиннского университета. Указанный курс стал результатом проведенных исследований в рамках нескольких научных проектов, а также руководства магистерскими работами. Кроме того, включено описание целей курса и содержание самостоятельной работы студентов.

Create a text filled with personal meaning, designed in according to the norms of the Russian literary language – a task that must be put and solved in the lessons of the Russian language as a native language and a foreign language. Human communication – is the exchange of texts is not by chance in the national curriculum for native and foreign (Russian) language is said that in the process of learning language student must master his verbal communication skills, learn how to express thoughts and feelings, analyse, heard and read summarizing information. Since the text activities – is one of the learning activities in its organization must be taken into account patterns of natural speech activity, are well known. This are motives, purpose of the activity, structure and its stages; availability of productive activity. The organization of educational process must be oriented to the natural patterns of speech communication, as students create products of speech as a result of interaction with each other. The authors of this article have tried to consider all this creating textbooks for students of different age groups, who study Russian language as native and foreign. Key words: speech activity, speech communication, text-centred approach, the needs of students, the textbook of the Russian language, the creation of communicatively relevant texts in the native and foreign languages.

This article considers the content and structure of the new State Curriculum for high schools in Estonia, in which drafting the authors participated. The curriculum was applied in 2011/2012 academic year, and has being put into action gradually, starting from the 10th form. It is totally separated from the curriculum for middle schools. The main objective of teaching and education in high schools is that students are to find a field of activity of their interest and ability, which will be included in their further training. They are formative assessment and feedback that are of great attention in the new curriculum, as well as the need for conducting researches is emphasized, including mother tongue. Under the requirements of the new curriculum, studies in every subject are student-centred, i.e. they are brought in accord with students’ interests and everyday needs, e.g. in mother tongue courses the need of text-centred approach is highlighted. The number of required courses is reduced; there are more opportunities for options. In comparison with the previous curriculum, the courses on mother tongues (Estonian and Russian) are unified. Before, only 3 courses on Russian as a mother tongue were set-out, now 6 compulsory courses and 1 elective course are scheduled (like Estonian). While developing curriculum for the Russian (native) language, cross-cutting topics were taken into account. The article thoroughly describes the structure and content of the subject; it is shown how the new curriculum is being implemented in teaching practice; the realization of new text-centered courses “The Perception and Creation of an Oral Text” and “The Perception and Creation of a Written Text” as an implementation for the basic concept is instantiated. Key words: curriculum, teaching at high school level, mother tongue, text-centered approach, students’ needs.