Among the biologically active substances, the roots of Cephalaria gigantea mainly contain alkaloids, phenolic compounds and triterpene glycosides. Studies have shown that the total amount of saponins is less than 14 glycosides. Eleven individual compounds have been isolated, named giganteosides A,

Iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides -swertiamarin, cantleyoside, loganic acid and also triterpene saponin dipsacoside B were isolated from the roots of Caucasian endemic plant -Cephalaria gigantea. The structure of these compounds was determined by all spectroscopic means mainly by NMR and MS techniques. All isolated compounds are reported for the first time from Cephalaria gigantea roots. Iridoids are used as chemosystematic markers for plants of the Dipsacaceae family.

Ion channels are parts of the nerve cell membrane that provide the selective permeability of ions, i.e. positively and negatively charged particles, and participate in the regulation of the body's vital processes. They are responsible for regulating the flow of ions in the plasma and membranes of all cells, controlling the intracellular concentrations of various ions. The alternating closing and opening of sodium, potassium and calcium ion channels ensures the spread of the nerve impulse. Blockage of ion channels causes serious changes in the body. In today's medicine, a number of diseases are explained precisely by the malfunction of ion channels. Widespread pathologies in the world population: angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, epilepsy, diabetes, etc. This is a small list of diseases that are caused by malfunctioning of ion channels in the human body. Based on this, the diseases caused by ion channel malfunctions and the effective remedies for their treatment are an urgent issue for the world population.

Allergy is a disease of the 20th century. 30% - 40% of the world's population is allergic to various irritants. "Dangerous" agents invading the human body: bacteria, viruses, airborne dust, animal fur, foreign proteins, etc. cause various allergic diseases and can often lead to serious complications (including lethal outcome). This article discusses the causes and characteristic symptoms of allergies, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment with effective and safe antihistamines - Polesin, Lotegra, Loranex, Erius, Eslotin, Telfast, Allerfast, Nixar, Loratadine, Claritine, Cetek, Alertek , Zetrin, Parlazin, Kestin, Zirtek, Terrix, etc. Immunotherapy - or specific hyposensitization - is also characterized as a modern and effective method of treatment, the principle of which lies in the production of specific tolerance (indiscretion) towards the causative allergen.