Loss-of-function studies are fundamental for dissecting gene function. Yet, methods to rapidly and effectively perturb genes in mammalian cells, and particularly in stem cells, are scarce. Here we present a system for simultaneous conditional regulation of two different proteins in the same mammalian cell. This system harnesses the plant auxin and jasmonate hormone-induced degradation pathways, and is deliverable with only two lentiviral vectors. It combines RNAi-mediated silencing of two endogenous proteins with the expression of two exogenous proteins whose degradation is induced by external ligands in a rapid, reversible, titratable and independent manner. By engineering molecular tuners for NANOG, CHK1, p53 and NOTCH1 in mammalian stem cells, we have validated the applicability of the system and demonstrated its potential to unravel complex biological processes.
The causes of autism remain insufficiently differentiated. It is unlikely that any single disorder can be considered as the only cause of various symptoms and severity of autistic disorders. Although the specific causes of autism remain unclear, significant progress has been made in understanding the possible mechanisms of the disease. Turning to historical sources, we find that the origin and origin of the term "autism" are associated with forming a system of knowledge on the problem of diagnosis and further therapeutic work with children who need unique approaches to learn and educate. Analysis of the classifications of autism reveals the ambiguity of approaches to them. The first attempts at differentiation in the middle of childhood autism syndrome were clinical classifications based on the syndrome's etiology. They play a significant role in developing adequate approaches to providing medical care to children with autism. Psychological and pedagogical tasks required other approaches to determine, depending on the specific situation, the specialization, strategy, and tactics of correctional work. First of all, there was a search for prognostic signs that would assess the possibilities of mental and social development of children in this category. To this end, some scholars have put forward criteria for assessing speech and intellectual development. The analysis of difficulties of the unanimous possibility of classification on separate indicators of mental development of the child (intelligence, speech, behavior, self-regulation, etc.) can be explained by parallel existence of classifications operating today in world practice.
For the first time was assessed the quality of fruits of four varieties of American blackberries and one of Swiss and Serbian selection, grown in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The limits of variation of fruit mass, content of dry soluble substances, sugars, titrated acids, ascorbic acid, polyphenols and anthocyanins were established. The mass of blackberries varied within a minimum of 6.6 g of Asterina variety and a maximum of 8.2 g – Chester Thornless, the amount of soluble dry substances varied in the range of 9.4 (Cacanska Bestrna) – 15.1% (Heaven Can Wait), and sugars from 7.82 to 12.72% Kiowa and Chester Thornless varieties. The highest content of bioactive substances, in particular ascorbic acid, was accumulated by fruits of Kiowa and Heaven Can Wait varieties, the last of these, among the studied varieties, had the highest amount of polyphenolic substances 845 mg.100 g−1, variability of which was very low, corresponding to 8%. According to the look of the fruit, and in particular its mass, as well as taste, ratio of sugar to acid, there were highlighted varieties that have the prospect of widespread cultivation in industrial plantations, such as Chester Thornless and Chief Joseph. In order to conduct the selection process for the creation of varieties, whose fruits will have excellent marketable, consumer and preventive qualities (apart from the above-mentioned varieties) should be also involved with others, namely Heaven Can Wait and Kiowa.
The paper covers the problem with phosphorus supply at crops cultivation on sod-podzolic soils of Polissya region. Issues of P2O5 renewal in the arable soil layer of sod-podzolic soils were reviewed together with the relationship between the phosphorus balance and crop rotation productivity, as well as role of biological preparation Polymyxobacteryn at periodic and additional application of technical phosphorus.
Анотація. В статті наведено результати досліджень щодо вмісту кальцію в плодах яблуні та параметрів соковіддачі. Для забезпечення повноцінного функціонування переробних підприємствсорти осіннього строку достигання невід'ємний елемент плодового конвеєру. В якості контролю був використаний сорт Слава Переможцям. В цілому вміст кальцію в плодах яблуні в 2017 році був нижчий, порівняно із результатами досліджень у 2016 році. Це може бути обумовлено особливостями погодно-кліматичних умов у 2017 році. Встановлена негативна кореляція між вмістом кальцію в плодах з соковіддачею. Для закладання сировинних садів яблуні в умовах Західного Лісостепу України можна рекомендувати досліджувані сорти-Слава Переможцям, Вітос та Грінслівз. Ключові слова: пектинові речовини, сухі речовини, вміст кальцію, соковіддача, плоди яблуні Актуальність. Яблуня є основною плодовою культурою України та посідає перше місце в структурі насаджень плодових культур. Також Україна є одним із лідерів на ринку концентрованих соків, що в свою чергу, обумовлює розвиток переробної галузі. Сучасний сортимент продукції переробних підприємств доволі широкий-соки прямого віджиму, концентровані соки, пюре, продукти заморозки та сублімації. Виходячи із вищевказаного, особливого значення набувають сировинні сади плодових культур, які характеризуються сортами з певними біохімічними параметрами-вміст сухих речовин, пектинів, титрованої кислоти та біологічно-активних речовин [1, 5]. Також необхідно відмітити, що валовий збір яблук не є стабільним показником із року в рік. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Окремим напрямом інтенсифікації переробних підприємств є створення нових або модернізація існуючих підприємств з метою створення мало-та безвідходних ліній переробки плодової продукції.
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