In this article, the concept of giftedness in children of different ages, its types and characteristics, the basics of diagnosis and methods of development of factors contributing to intellectual abilities were studied. In this context, quite a lot of opinions and worldviews of thinkers of different historical eras, including Plato, Confucius and others, were analyzed regarding the definition of the concept of giftedness in children. The neurophysiological features of mental thinking were also investigated. It was concluded that giftedness is a unique combination of abilities that are the result of neurophysiological processes, which is a prerequisite for achieving certain successes or certain achievements in a certain activity. Thanks to such unique features, the child differs from others in a certain way. Giftedness is some unique feature of children, which is determined by the neurophysiological features of the body's development. The relevance of such topics is extremely important, because the scientific and technical development of modern society forces creative approaches in solving a number of problems. The presence of a perfect system for identifying and educating gifted and creative children is a necessary component of the successful activity of society. The purpose of the article is to clarify the necessary features and signs of giftedness in children with the aim of developing effective mechanisms for diagnosing giftedness in children of different age groups and methods of its development as an aspect of the neurophysiological approach to personality. In the research process, the method of analysis of the available theoretical information of the selected area, synthesis of all existing points of view was used. The result is the determination of the characteristics of giftedness, taking into account its types, characteristics, and the creation of methods of dealing with gifted children and developing their abilities.

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