The spate of the descriptions of omens in medieval literature, including chronicles, seems to be poorly researched. The purpose of this article is to trace the omens that were looked for in medieval times, how people reacted to them, and how these are recorded in the Ukrainian chronicles. Fragments of the Chronicle of Novgorod describing various celestial omens are analysed here. This may fill a gap in historical research since the omens recorded in these chronicles have not been adequately researched so far.

Overcoming corruption is extremely important, as it is a danger to the state, society, and the individual. Of particular note is the experience of European Union member states that have implemented anti-corruption programs, achieved the necessary positive results, and laid the foundations for sustainable socio-political development, in particular in the context of guaranteeing national security. The aim of the study can be described as the analysis and detailed characterization of anti-corruption legislation and strategies to prevent corruption at the national and supranational levels of the European Union. The methodological basis of the work is scientific methods based on the requirements of objective and comprehensive analysis of social phenomena of a legal nature. A number of general scientific research methods were used in this study. The following methods can be distinguished: semantic and system analysis, discourse, methods of induction and deduction, historical-legal and formal-legal methods, and others. The article offers a detailed overview and thorough consideration of legal instruments of the Member States of the European Union on corruption and the relevant anti-corruption legislation of the European Union Member States.

The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the philosophy of postmodernism that evolves, on one hand, as a search for new forms of creative self-expression, and, on the other hand, is presented as a crisis of philosophical cognition. The leading method for the study of postmodernism concepts is the systemic method allowing to determine their integrity and to explicate associative connections between them as interactions and interconnections brought into the system of the concept. Summarizing the discourse, we note that the main goal of postmodernism is to eliminate rational discourse and proclaim the end of the general metadiscourse of rationalism. Postmodernity should be seen as the transplantation of aesthetic matrices into surrogate, illusory, eclectic ones, which veiled the real essence of phenomena and processes.

Introduction: The value of human life as a personal intangible good is growing, which has led to international and national legal consolidation of norms providing comprehensive protection of life, while the life of the individual depreciates day by day. All this explains the extraordinary interest in euthanasia, which can be called one of the most controversial and unresolved issues of our time. Aim: The aim of the article is to study the phenomenon of euthanasia, elaborate the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on euthanasia and related rights, develop recommendations on the possibility of legalizing euthanasia in Ukraine. Material and methods: The leading method of research of this issue is comparative and law, which allows to comprehensively consider the right to euthanasia, its positive and negative components and helps to establish trends in the implementation of the outlined phenomenon. Results and discussion: It is concluded that the right to assisted suicide and the right to passive euthanasia can be recognized only as an element of the right to respect for private life in the context of Article 8 of the Convention. Regarding the legalization of euthanasia in Ukraine, this should be preceded by a serious public dispute on this issue with the widest possible involvement of lawyers, representatives of medicine, bioethics, philosophy, sociology and other sciences. Conclusions: The materials of the article have practical value for all those interested in euthanasia and the realization of the right to die, as well as for practicing lawyers and judicial authorities.

The article is devoted to the analysis of environmental and legal problems caused by the war in Ukraine, which should be considered comprehensively, as environmental security issues can easily transform into social threats. The article proves that the pollution caused by the war has a significant negative transboundary impact, in particular, the Russian invasion has not only damaged the environment of Ukraine, but also threatened the achievement of climate goals and even the world's ability to adapt to climate change. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study and analysis of national and international environmental, humanitarian and criminal law through the prism of modern environmental challenges and threats. In this regard, the methodological basis of the article is a set of general philosophical, general scientific, special scientific and legal methods. The paper also analyzes the impact of modern threats in the field of environmental security on the state of national security, as well as the state of implementation of measures in the field of environmental security. Based on their own conclusions and generalizations, the authors' proposals and recommendations for improving the current national legislation and greening the sectoral components of national policy are presented.