The chemical composition of the six essential oils obtained from Teucrium libanitis and Teucrium turredanum collected at different localities was analysed by GC and GC-MS. Fifty-three constituents were identified. The oil of T. libanitis is characterized by the monoterpene α-pinene (9.9-21.2%) and the sesquiterpene δ-cadinene (5.3-9.7%), while that of T. turredanum had a higher content of sesquiterpenoids: β-caryophyllene (15.6-32.6%), α-humulene (4.7-10.1%) and β-bisabolol (6.4-8.3%), and a lower percentage of monoterpenoids (<1%). A multivariate procedure (hierarchical clustering) for detecting natural grouping established that T. libanitis and T. turredanum constitute two independent taxa.

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Teucrium pumilum L., T. lepicephalum Pau, T. libanitis Schreber, T. turredanum Losa & Rivas Goday, and T. carolipaui Vicioso ex Pau (Labiatae) constitute an aggregate included in the Pumilum subsection (Polium section). These species are endemic and geographically restricted to central and south-eastern Spain. They grow under different climatic conditions and have different edaphic requirements, particularly the gypsum and lime affinities. The effects of some ecological factors (i.e. edaphic and climatic factors) on the germination parameters of these Teucrium species were investigated. The species under study differed in their germination behaviour. The majority of the germination parameters appeared more correlated to edaphic than to climatic factors and particularly to the water availability in the soil. The calcicolous T. carolipaui, which grows in the driest habitat, had a more rapid germination than the gypsophilous species. This could be due to the existence of a narrower optimal germination period for T. carolipaui. The different germination requirements of these species of Teucrium are important results to be considered in conservation programs of these endemic and endangered taxa.

ElsevierFernández Martínez, N.; Balasch Parisi, S.; Pérez Baena, I.; Rodríguez Garcia, M.; Peris Ribera, CJ. (2013). Milk yield estimation during suckling using the double oxytocin injectionmilking and the double weighing-suckling methods in dairy goats. ABSTRACT:The aim was to verify the validity of the double oxytocin-milking 38 (DOT) method as milk yield estimator during the suckling period of lactating dairy 39 goats. To this end, it was necessary to determine whether the weighing-suckling-40 weighing (WSW) and DOT methods of milk yield estimation satisfied the criteria to be 41 considered valuable, the accuracy between both methods and the suitability of DOT to 42 evaluate actual milk. At parturition, sixty lactating Murciano-Granadina breed goats 43 were separated into 2 groups, in mixed (MS; n = 24) and artificial rearing (ARS; n = 44 36) management systems. Until the sixth wk of lactation (weaning), MS goats suckled 45 one kid while kids from ARS goats were artificially reared; moreover, goats in both 46 systems were submitted to once-a-day milking. Once per wk, actual milk yield for ARS 47 goats and potential milk yield were recorded using DOT method for all goats, except for 48 12 goats in ARS which remained as a control. Twelve goats from each management 49 system were used to evaluate diurnal variation in milk production (DVM) by DOT 50 method for 6 consecutive days in wk 4 of lactation. No difference in DVM was found 51 by DOT method in 4-h milk production of goats in MS (P = 0.099) or ARS (P = 0.220), 52 which allowed sixfold multiplication of milked milk volume to obtain potential milk per 53 day. ARS goats subjected to a weekly DOT and control group goats showed a similar 54 (P = 0.379) lactation curve for the first 6 wks of lactation. The DOT method slightly 55 overestimated (3.4%, P = 0.005) the milk yield evaluated by WSW method for goats 56 under an MS, but fitted the actual milk obtained by common milk records for the group 57 of goats in an ARS submitted to the DVM test (P = 0.357) and the group in ARS alone 58 (P = 0.163). The DOT method applied for 8 consecutive days led to a drop of 6 to 12% 59 in milk yield during the following week for both production systems. In conclusion, 60DOT was an accurate method to estimate milk yield during the first weeks of lactation 61 both in MS and ARS under the conditions of this experiment. 62 3