No abstract

In the middle Solimões River the longest-running initiative of community-based turtle protection (Podocnemis sextuberculata, P. unifilis and P. expansa) occurs in the Mamirauá Reserve. This study aimed to compile and analyze existing information on the communitybased conservation of turtles in this region and discuss the effectiveness of this strategy for generation of scientific data and conservation purposes. We analyzed available information and compared it with data obtained through participant observation. In the last years turtle conservation expanded from beaches to lakes. Despite this improvement, data collected from 2009 to 2011 indicate a reduction in the number of P. sextuberculata nests, which could be related to overestimation of the number of nests in previous years; decrease in the nesting population; or natural phenomena. On the other hand, data show a gradual increase in the number of P. expansa nests. Our analysis suggests that data generated by a participatory monitoring system are limited to general reproductive data and more specific data collection must be accompanied by a technical team. Community-based conservation, despite its limitations, is a valid strategy for turtle conservation, as all nests would likely be preyed upon by humans, if nesting areas were not protected and guarded by local inhabitants.

P P P P Palavras-chave alavras-chave alavras-chave alavras-chave alavras-chave: Estuário do rio Amazonas. Pescadores. Ilhas. Comercialização de pescado. Pesquisa etnográfica. AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract Abstract: This paper put on few reflexions emerged from ethnographies on islands on the mouth of Amazon river: Capim island, in Abaetetuba and Apeú Salvador, located in Viseu. We analyzed few features related to the fisheries market in which are the habitants of these islands. The ethnography allows us a rich dialogue with theories towards the analyze of the process involving these small fishworkers, mainly theirs commercial affairs, that include larger than monetarist links. In that region fishery is a very important activity not only by supply food directly to people but in their sole commercial production. Grosso modo, all fishermen in small scales are designated by the term 'artisanal', and we suggest thereway that the simplist opposition from 'artisanal' to industrial fishery, reduce the specificities and particular fields of the production, leading to an idea of homogeneity in the activity. What we want is just point put the complexity and diversification of social organization in which group of fishermen, in accord with each empiric reality.

O artigo descreve os tipos de construção de casas em ambiente de várzea da região do Médio Solimões, Am, cuja arquitetura envolve esquemas conceituais e processos cognitivos, práticas e habilidades seculares expressas no modo como interagem com o ambiente, escolhem o local da casa, e selecionam os materiais na floresta. Esse tipo de construção reflete o modo de vida das famílias, suas formas de sociabilidade e tipos de uso de cada cômodo da casa. Novas habilidades e técnicas são desenvolvidas como respostas às trocas que realizam com o mundo urbano, moderno, e às mudanças que observam na natureza, que afetam o modo de viver e morar na várzea. Muitas famílias estão adotando outros tipos de construção, as casas flutuantes, e evitar a constante mobilidade e destruição das casas durantes as cheias. Concluímos que o estreitamento da relação rural-urbano com a facilidade de deslocamento, a adoção de novas tecnologias sociais de construção de casas, e acesso a produtos eletroeletrônicos afetam o modo de habitar na várzea.Palavras-chave: Amazônia. Várzea. Estilos de moradia. Mudanças sociais.Tradition and changes in live mode and dwell in the Lowland of Medium Solimões River, AmAbstractThe article describes the types of construction of houses in an environment of floodplain of the Middle Solimões region Am, whose architecture involves conceptual schemes and cognitive processes, practices and expressed secular skills in how they interact with the environment, choose the location of the home, and select the materials in the forest. This type of construction reflects the way of life of families, their ways of sociability and types of use of each room in the house. New skills and techniques are developed as a response to trade they do with the urban, modern world, and the changes they observe in nature, affecting the way of life and live in the floodplain. Many families are adopting other types of construction, houseboats, and avoid the constant mobility and destruction of homes in the floods. We conclude that narrowing the rural-urban relationship with the ease of travel, the adoption of new social technologies of building houses, and access to electronic products affect how you can dwell in the floodplain.Keywords: Amazon floodplain. Housing styles. Social change.

This manuscript analyzes the socio-environmental aspects of the pirarucus (Arapaima gigas) management project developed by a collective of fishermen and fisherwomen living in four communities of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), state of Amazonas, in the Jutaí-Cleto lakes system. The objective is to describe the way of organizing the work for the capture of animals, and to highlight the importance of this project for the conservation of fishery resources in the Amazonian floodplain, and for the reproduction of traditional ecological knowledge and fishing techniques. The data analyzed results from surveys conducted between 2011 and 2016 with this group of managers, obtained using participatory methodologies, with direct observation of their practices, participation in meetings and conducting formal interviews with fishermen and fisherwomen. The manuscript shows that the traditional ecological knowledge is combined with scientific knowledge, allowing fishermen to make decisions about when and where to fish in the lakes. The organization of the managed fisheries work is guided by concepts such as equality, cooperation, and gender equity, but the division of the group into teams and the field of expertise on the ecology and behavior of animals, and on the characteristics of the environment, have an impact on fishery productivity and on the individualization of the gains. We conclude by showing that the management project is contributing to the circularity of knowledge related to pirarucus fishing, and the importance of the participation of women, creating the conditions for children to be involved in this activity.