BACKGROUND: Up to 15% of other immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) can occur in patients with CD throughout their lives and are associated with multiple factors, including sex and sex hormone levels. Moreover, sex is associated with differences in clinical presentation, onset, progression, and outcomes of disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of IMDs at diagnosis in patients with celiac disease (CD) and their first-degree relatives and to compare the findings between female and male patients of different age. METHODS: A retrospective study including Brazilian patients with CD who visited the same doctor during January 2012 to January 2017 was performed. Demographic and medical history data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and medical charts of the patients. In total, 213 patients were examined at diagnosis: 52 males (mean age, 40.0 years) and 161 females (mean age, 41.4 years). The patients were divided into two groups according to sex and age. RESULTS: IMDs were observed in 60.2% of the female (97/161) and 42.3% of the male patients (22/52; P=0.22). However, the frequency of IMDs was significantly higher in females aged 51-60 years than in males with same age (P=0.0002). Dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was significantly more prevalent in males (P=0.02), whereas atopy was more prevalent in females (P=0.02). IMDs observed in first-degree relatives were similar to those observed in patients (70.9%; P<0.001), with a higher number observed in female relatives. CONCLUSION: The frequency of IMDs in CD patients was similar in all age groups and both sexes, except women diagnosed with CD after 51 years of age presented with an increased frequency of IMDs compared with males. Dermatitis herpetiformis was more prevalent in males, whereas atopy was more prevalent in females. No difference was observed in the type of IMDs between the first-degree relatives of both sexes.

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As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DIIs) são caracterizadas por processo inflamatório crônico, sendo duas principais: Doença de Crohn (DC) e Retocolite Ulcerativa (RCU). Desta forma, produtos naturais surgem como alternativas terapêuticas, sendo o metil jasmonato (MeJA) uma provável alternativa de tratamento, visto suas comprovadas atividades anti-inflamatórias, antiproliferativas e antioxidantes. Tal composto é isolado a partir do óleo essencial de Jasminum grandiflorum. Analisou-se o potencial efeito tecidual e neuroinflamatório do MeJA, na dose de 300 mg/kg, em ratos adultos com colite induzida por ácido trinitrobenzenosulfônico (TNBS). Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos, eutanasiados após o tratamento. Foram utilizados amostras do cólon distal de 20 animais para a obtenção de cortes histológicos transversais. Foram realizadas análises morfométricas das túnicas intestinais, por amostragem de imagens capturadas em microscópio óptico; e o perfil antineuroinflamatório do sistema nervoso entérico pela avaliação microscópica de 30 gânglios localizados nos gânglios mioentéricos por animal em contagem e caracterização de células inflamatórias. Notou-se mimetização eficaz de DII pelo TNBS através da redução de células inflamatórias em gânglios entéricos, principalmente linfócitos e monócitos; efeito regenerativo tecidual nas túnicas submucosa e muscular.

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Heartworm disease (Dirofilaria spp) is zoonosis transmitted by hematophagous mosquitoes. It has a larval phase, microfilaremia, and an adult phase. The infestation with the adult form is typically manifested by the presence of worms in the cardiac chambers, which can cause right congestive heart failure and caudal vena cava syndrome. We describe a case in which microfilaremia was confirmed by rapid ELISA and direct parazitologic examination in an asymptomatic dog in Maringá, PR, region with no previous reports of canine dirofilariasis. Echo Doppler Cardiography showed no evidence of adult form in cardiac chambers of the dog. The patient was treated with subcutaneous administration of ivermectin (50 µg/kg) three times with an interval of 60 days between doses, and doxycycline (10 mg/kg day) for 30 days, along with the third dose of ivermectin. A repellent collar based on imidacloprid was prescribed for continuous use. Sixty day after beginning the treatment, the patient was reevaluated, and blood samples were negative for the presence of microfilariae. Heartworm disease can remain silent in dogs, and it may be emerging in the region. The ubiquitous presence of vectors is a cause for concern and could contribute to disease spreading in the region of North Paraná, Brazil.