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The Atlantic seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) (Penaeidae), is commonly found on western Atlantic coasts and of high commercial importance in Brazil, Suriname, and Guyana. Current genetic resources on X. kroyeri are scarce and no genomic studies are available. This study reports the complete mitochondrial genome of X. kroyeri. Using the pipeline NOVOPlasty, we assembled and circularized the complete mitochondrial genome of X. kroyeri with an average coverage of 68x per nucleotide. The AT-rich mitochondrial genome of X. kroyeri is 15,999 bp in length and comprised of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. A single 1,030 bp long intergenic space is assumed to be the D-loop/Control region (CR). Selective pressure analysis indicated that the PCGs were under purifying selection. The KA/KS ratios observed for cox1, cox2, atp6, cox3, and cob were found to be much lower than the ratios observed in the other PCGs, suggesting strong purifying selection upon the former genes. The secondary structures of the tRNA genes exhibited a standard ‘cloverleaf’ structure, with the exception of trnS1. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on all PCGs indicated that X. kroyeri is more closely related to penaeids (Penaeidae) belonging to the genera TrachypenaeusAlcock, 1901, PenaeopsisSpence Bate, 1881, and MierspenaeopsisK. Sakai & Shinomiya, 2011. This study contributes new genomic resources for this commercially important species which may aid in distinguishing cryptic species and elucidating phylogeographic patterns.

The spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836), a phyletic dwarf, was used to test predictions regarding reproductive performance in small marine invertebrates. Considering the disproportional increase in brooding costs and the allometry of egg production with increasing body size, it was expected that this minute-size species would produce large broods compared to closely related species that attain much larger body sizes. Fecundity in P. pygmaeus females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 17 and 172 eggs crab–1 (mean ± SD = 87.97 ± 48.39) and between 13 and 159 eggs crab–1 (55.04 ± 40.29). Females did not experience brood loss during egg development. Egg volume in females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 0.13 and 0.40 mm3 (0.22 ± 0.07) and between 0.15 and 0.42 mm3 (0.26 ± 0.06 mm3). Reproductive output (RO) varied between 0.91 and 8.73% (3.81 ± 2.17%) of female dry body weight. The RO of P. pygmaeus was lower than that reported for closely related species with larger body sizes. The slope (b = 0.95 ± 0.15) of the line describing the relationship between brood and parental female dry weight was not statistically significant from unity. Overall, our results disagree with the notion that the allometry of gamete production and increased physiological costs with increased brood size explain the association between brooding and small body size in marine invertebrates. Comparative studies on the reproductive investment of brooding species belonging to monophyletic clades with extensive differences in body size are warranted to further our understanding about disparity in egg production in brooding marine invertebrates.

bar geltendem EU-Recht widersprechen, wenn sie datenschutzrechtliche Rechtfertigungstatbestände aus Art. 7 DSR abstrakt-generell mit zusätzlichen Tatbestandsmerkmalen erschweren. Das gilt insbesondere, wenn eine in Art. 7 lit. f) DSR vorgesehene Abwägung durch ein generelles Einwilligungserfordernis ersetzt wird. Nach höchstrichterlicher Rechtsprechung des BVerfG dürfen solche nationalen Regeln nicht angewendet werden, soweit sie höherrangigem EU-Recht widersprechen. Auslegungsspielräume sind durch richtlinienkonforme Auslegung auszufüllen. Wesentliche Regeln des deutschen Datenschutzrechts auf Bundes-und Landesebene dürfen danach nicht angewendet werden (z.B. bezogen auf Regeln zur Aufdeckung von Straftaten von Beschäftigten, Smart Metering und mobilen Datenverarbeitungssystemen). 22 22 Etliche weitere Beispiele erfordern zumindest eine richtlinienkonforme Neubewertung, s. etwa im BDSG zum Schriftformerfordernis für Einwilligung, § § 4a Abs. 1 S. 3, 28 Abs. 3a, 29 Abs. 2; zu Schriftform der Auftragsdatenverarbeitungsvereinbarung, § 11 Abs. 2 S. 2; zur Einschränkung der Abwägungsmöglichkeiten, § 28 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 lit. b); zum Adresshandel für Werbezwecke, § 28 Abs. 3; zum abschließenden Katalog für die Übermittlung an Auskunfteien, § 28a; zu Dokumentationsanforderungen bei Datenerhebung und Speicherung zur Übermittlung, § 29 Abs. 2 S. 2.

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