Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the expansion over time and the geographical distribution of confirmed Neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM) and PCM cases, and relate it to environmental characteristics such as climate, soil types and coffee crops. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports between 1951 and 2014 from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Southern Brazil. PCM was predominant in male agricultural workers. PCM cases predominated in areas with subtropical climate with hot summers in North West Parana state. NPCM cases were distributed statewide more frequent in rural than metropolitan area. There was no association with climate, soil type, or coffee crop culture. Most of the PCM cases were in the metropolitan area of the capital, chiefly due to migration fluxes. Even though the history is predominantly agricultural, PCM cases were distributed mainly in the metropolitan area of the state capital, there was no association with climate and soil. NPCM cases were numerically more frequent in rural than metropolitan area.

Resumo A reestruturação do mundo do trabalho tem exercido forte impacto sobre as condições de vida e saúde da classe trabalhadora. Os professores têm sofrido, assim como os demais trabalhadores, a precarização do trabalho, entre outras consequências da acumulação flexível, com o aumento das exigências sem o incremento suficiente dos recursos necessários para o desempenho do trabalho. A intensa elevação do sofrimento mental dos docentes parece estar ligada às novas condições de trabalho. Visando a fornecer subsídios para o enfrentamento dessa questão, realizou-se pesquisa buscando verificar a associação entre a elevação da exploração no trabalho dos docentes e o sofrimento mental. Efetuou-se estudo transversal por meio da plataforma Limesurvey, em que 1.201 professores da rede estadual responderam a dois questionários on-line: o Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 e outro, elaborado pelos pesquisadores, sobre as condições de trabalho dos docentes. Carga horária semanal, número de alunos por turma e número de turmas por professor apresentaram associação com transtornos psíquicos menores. A associação de número de alunos por turma com a presença de transtorno psíquico menor foi estatisticamente significativa. Concluiu-se que a prevalência de casos indicativos de distúrbios psíquicos é muito elevada entre os professores, havendo indícios de associação com diversas formas de exploração no trabalho docente.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis prevalent among immunocompetent patients in Latin America. This study aimed to describe the frequency, demographics and clinical characteristics of central nervous system PCM (NPCM) and PCM in an endemic region, and the impact of human immunosuppression virus (HIV) co-infection. This was a retrospective study of autopsy and biopsy reports from the Medical Pathology Section of the Hospital de Clinicas, UFPR, Curitiba, Southern Brazil, between 1951 and 2014. PCM was present in 0.1% of 378,323 cases examined, with 5.7% being NPCM. Infection was prevalent in working-age men, agricultural workers and rural residents. Numbers of HIV autopsy cases increased over time, while those of PCM cases decreased. Prevalence of co-infection of HIV/PCM and HIV/NPCM was 1.6%, and 0.4%, respectively. Adrenals were affected more frequently in the NPCM group compared with the PCM group. Mortality was higher on NPCM group. The clinical course of PCM in HIV patients resembles an acute/sub-acute infection. Association of NPCM and HIV is rare, while diagnosis of NPCM is difficult, it should be considered a differential diagnosis in HIV patients who live in, or have visited, endemic areas and present with neurological symptoms.

The kinetics of solvolysis of the title compounds, leading t o the formation of carbocations destabilized by a CCI, or a CBr, group, have been studied in various solvents. Destabilization by the CX, group increases with the electronegativity of the halogen X. Plots of log k ws. YoTs for the 1 -(pmethoxyphenyl) -2,2,2-trihalogenoethyl p-toluenesulphonates yield m , , values which are indicative of some deviation from a pure kc process, probably due t o anchimeric assistance by the halogen substituents.Considerable effort has been devoted in the past decade to the study of destabilized carbocations of general structure R'R2ZC+, where Z is an electron-withdrawing group. Substituents Z include CN,' COR,2 PS(OEt),,, PO(OEt)2,4 SOR,' S 0 2 R s and CF, '-' groups.

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