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The apple and pear have a significant place in the horticulture sector of Jammu & Kashmir. The planted areas have been expanding quiet significantly since 1990s. Advanced technologies for these crops have been rationalized and adopted by the growers; however, seasonal and annual variations of the fruit supplies continue to characterize prices at both wholesale and consumption levels. In this study, Nerlovian model has been used to estimate supply response, Engle-Granger test and Vector Error Correction Model have been used to estimate the long-run and short-run dynamics. The study has revealed that the price of apple has more variation compared to price of pear. The existence of correlation between the prices of apple and pear suggests that there exist both long-run and short-run relationships between the prices of these commodities. The results have exhibited a high value of R 2 (95%) and estimated own price elasticities of 0.32 and 0.33 in apple and 0.03 and 0.28 in pear, respectively in short-and long-run. The results have further revealed that the price of pear has a positive and significant impact on price of apple, as demonstrated by their respective coefficients. The study has concluded that if price of apple increases, people can opt for pear which has turned out to be an alternative crop.

Abstract:Recently, the Internet has been utilized by many applications to convey time-sensitive messages. The persistently expanding Internet coverage and its easy accessibility have offered to ascend to a problem which was once regarded as not essential to contemplate. Nowadays, the Internet has been utilized by many applications to convey time-sensitive messages. Wireless access points have widely been used but these access points have limitations regarding area coverage. So for covering a wider space, various access points need to be introduced. Therefore, when the user moves to some other place, the devices expected to switch between access points. Packet loss amid the handovers is a trivial issue. MediaSense is an Internet of Things distributed architecture enabling the development of the IoT application faster. It deals with this trivial handover issue by utilizing a protocol called Distributed Context eXchange Protocol. However, this protocol is centralized in nature and also suffers in a scenario when both sender and receiver address change simultaneously. This paper presents a mechanism to deal with this scenario and presents a distributed solution to deal with this issue within the MediaSense platform. The proposed protocol improves dissemination using retransmission mechanism to diminish packet loss. The proposed protocol has been delineated with a proof of concept chat application and the outcomes have indicated a significant improvement in terms of packet loss.

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