The family physicians are the individuals who constitute the first contact point with patients and take position in primary care. On behalf of family physicians are dominating by a wide range of disease groups, reveal the awareness of the anticoagulant therapy and monitoring necessary. Materials and Methods: Research was planned as an observational, cross sectional survey. Surveys were hand out to family physician residents in Ankara. 143 participants answering the questions of survey without any reserve from assistant family physician, who were invited to our study date between 15/10/2014 and 12/01/2014, were incorporated. Results: Only 8.4% of the residents stated that they attended a training on anticoagulant therapy and follow-up. We pick out that participants who attend training have more accurate answer to questions which intended to measure awareness and knowledge. Those constituted the majority who has not completed 10 years in their medical profession. The correct answer rates of the group that we call young physicians were higher. Conclusion:With this research, the awareness about anticoagulant therapy and monitoring and lack of education are reveal. With the researches supporting this study, identifying the lacking issues that residents of family physicians' awareness then making education plans intended to these issues and better equipped family physician residents giving medical service will be provided.