Fen eğitimi, fen bilimleri dersi, basit makineler, başarı testi Özet Bu araştırmada, sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerinin Fen Bilimleri dersi basit makineler ünitesinin kazanımlarına yönelik akademik başarılarını ölçmek üzere bir test geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2017-2018 eğitim ve öğretim yılında Aksaray il merkezinde bir devlet ortaokulunda öğrenimine devam etmekte olan, basit makineler ünitesini tamamlamış 160 sekizinci sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Testin amacı dikkate alınarak alanyazın incelenmesi sonucunda 25 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan madde havuzu hazırlanmıştır. Testin kapsam ve görünüş geçerliğini sağlamak üzere uzman görüşüne başvurulmuş ve 20 maddelik taslak test oluşturulmuştur. Taslak testin pilot uygulaması 24 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pilot uygulama sonrasında yapılan madde analizi ile ortalama madde güçlük indeksi (pj=.57) ve ortalama madde ayırt edicilik indeksi (rjx=.50) belirlenmiştir. Testin güvenirliği ise KR-21 güvenirlik katsayısı (.741) hesaplanarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, "Basit Makineler Ünitesi Akademik Başarı Testinin" 18 çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan geçerli ve güvenilir bir test olduğunu göstermektedir.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) carries a significant risk of gallbladder perforation and resulting scattering of bile stones into the abdominal cavity. The retrieval of the spilled stones is not always possible by laparoscopic technique. Most cases do not create long-term problems, although some cases may be complicated in future and create uncertainties regarding the correct diagnosis. Diagnosis can be difficult, and in most cases the patient may require open surgery for management of these complications. Herein, we report a case of acute abdomen due to spilled stones occurring 10 years after LC. In the first stage, definitive diagnosis could not be made with computed tomography examination. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with explorative laparotomy.
Hydatid cysts is most often characterized by hepatic and pulmonary involvement, but it also rarely involves other body parts and systems. Axillary involvement by hydatid cysts is considerably rare in countries with endemic hydatid cyst manifestation, and cases from countries like Turkey are still widely reported. A young woman aged 24 years was seen at our clinic for a painful axillary mass. She was detected by a thoracoabdominal tomographic examination to have a localized multilocular cystic mass in her left axillary region; the mass showed little soft tissue invasion at its periphery but no hepatic or pulmonary involvement at all. It was excised from its stalks and totally removed. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was made by macroscopic and microscopic examination. It was highlighted by this case report that the differential diagnosis of palpable masses in axillary region should include hydatid cyst, particularly in areas where the disease is endemic.
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