Human error is the result of human actions. It is an actual action in daily life that could cause an accident and an intentional infringement. The purpose of this research is to analyse three factors of human error, namely fatigue, communication, and lack of technical knowledge as the major contributors to the occurrence of accidents. In addition, it seeks to determine the relationship between these factors and accidents in the maritime industry. A number of 60 respondents from an oil and gas company, and a government agency located in Lumut, Perak, Malaysia participated in this research. The results show a strong positive relationship between the human factors which include fatigue, communication, and lack of knowledge towards the maritime accident rates. Among the three, the lack of technical knowledge is the highest contributing factor which could seriously cause accidents in the maritime industry.

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This study determines the success of an action prepared at an oil terminal in Kemaman, Terengganu. The oil spill is defined as a liquid hydrocarbon release into a marine environment and mostly is caused by human activity which produces water pollution. The oil spill could occur due to the production of crude oil from shipbuilding, drilling rigs and spill from refined petroleum products. The oil spill could affect severe sea ecosystems, fish and rocks, causing environmental damage as well as affected human health and millions of dollars were spent on recovery and consume longer period to recover completely. In addition, the success rate of the oil spill is important which influences by results of the preparation and the response activity. This study analyzes three elements namely assets, human error, and response as the major contribution for the oil spill preparedness towards the oil spill response. 50 respondents from related government agencies such as marine department and environment department and team response members have participated in this research. The results show a strong positive relationship between preparedness and response at 0.857.

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