In this research, the traditional version of the phase inversion method was used to fabricate a flat sheet of a blended membrane. The method was involved using a polymer that blends polyether sulfone (PES) varied proportions (0,3,4 and 5 wt.%), and polyphenyl sulfone (PPSU) was 20wt%. It was found that with the addition of PES, the membrane properties increased, the best properties were with 4%wt. The ratio was chosen PES 4wt% to study the effect of time, temperature, and pressure on the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements.  The increase in the porosity was with the addition of 4% PES. The rejection of heavy and radioactive elements for thUF membrane increases with increasing of the operating pressure and time. While by increasing the temperature, the rejection of heavy and radioactive elements for thUF membrane decreased. The rejection of K, Th, and Pb are higher than other elements, the order of the rejection is K˃Th˃Pb˃U˃Cd˃Zn˃Cu>Ni.

The essential purpose of this paper is to illustrate and inspect the leaching characteristics of Iraqi Phosphogypsum (PG). The paper presents the results of the dissolution characteristics of heavy and radioactive elements from PG, which is a by-product result from the industry of phosphate fertilizers. Leachability of heavy and radioactive elements in deionized water that has been inspected under various states of leaching, including solid/liquid ratio (10, 20 and 50 /1g/L) and temperatures (25, 45 and 85 °C), with constant other parameters such as string speed (300 rpm) and contact time (60 minutes). For the most analysis elements, the progressive release of the metals, in addition to the major elements reflects high mobility.  The mobility of trace metals in PG has been generally classified into three main degrees: (1) high mobility elements such as Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cr; (2) moderate mobility elements such as Sr, V, Ba,Y,Hg, K and Ni; and (3)l ow mobility elements like Ca,Cu,Fe, and Ag. The maximum concentrations of the most of the metals were attained from a leaching state of 10/1g/L. Regarding temperature, the experimental results revealed that the PG solubility to leaching out elements increases noticeably as the applied temperature ranges from 25 to 45 °C; after this degree, the leaching efficiency decreases. Chloride had a positive and negative effect on the solubility of phosphorus. Calcium chloride had an adverse effect on solubility and observed reduced solubility with increased chloride. While the positive effect of sodium and magnesium chloride was observed, the solubility...

This research is devoted to study the effect of applying different pre-tensile stresses (255,305,355,405,455,505 555 and 605) MPa on the microstructure, hardness and corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in 1N H 2 SO 4 . The stress-strain curve was drawn for standard (304) stainless steel in laboratory environment. The curve was divided into three zones. At zone one the values of elastic pre-stresses vary between (σ 0 -σ pro. ) MPa. The results showed; that the corrosion rate was very little increased compared with that of as received (304) stainless steel. The microstructure presented undeformed austenitic grains and the hardness value was (157.433) Hv. At zone two the value of plastic pre-stress varies between (σ pro .-σ U.T.S ) MPa. The corrosion rate increases after applying pre-stress between (σ 255 -σ 455 ) MPa. The microstructure showed that the austenitic grains begin to deform in the direction of applied prestresses. The maximum hardness at this region was (229.2) Hv, but at higher pre-stress (σ 455 -σ 605 ) MPa, the corrosion rate decreases. The microstructure inspection shows the deformed austenitic grain and ά-martensitic phase needle are appeared inside austenitic grains and the hardness reached the maximum value (332.433) Hv. At zone three the values of pre-stresses are between (σ 605 -σf) MPa. The results showed that the corrosion rate increases. The investigation of microstructure showed that there are distortion in austenitic grains and ά-martensite phase observed inside austenitic grains. The hardness reached the maximum value at (354.3) Hv. The necking of gauge length of specimens occurs in specimens and this leads to deterioration in original properties

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In te rn ati onal Jo u r n a l o f Advanc e m e n ts in Techno lo g y