Introduction: The breast is a dynamic organ in the female and the symptoms related to it considered a major cause enrolled the women to get medical intension, a complete physical, radiological, and cytological examination should be accomplished until the symptoms resolved or benign\ malignant condition established, there were many types of benign tumor in the breast: solid or cystic, painless or painful with different ways for management either by close surveillance or by surgical removal. But the breast cancer required hard work to establish the histological and pathological grade. Conclusion: to treat the breast cancer properly the cancer should stratify into molecular entities by using hormonal biomarker (ER, PR) and using of oncoprotein HER2 and proliferating index Ki-67, usage of these markers is satisfying for grouping the breast cancer subtypes into four major entities which are Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2+, and triple negative tumor.
Introduction: Infertility defined as inability of female to conceive after 12 months (6 months for women above 35 years) of unguarded sexual coitus. It affected about 15% of new couples. Genetic causes contribute about 15-30% of male infertility. Also the infertility can be defined as inability to carry the gestation until giving birth of a live fetus. Infertility can be classified into primary and secondary infertility, also can be classified according to etiological cause into male and female infertility. Conclusion: This review yield the importance of infertility as serious medical problem, affecting the partners life and focus on the important etiological factors affecting the fertile male or female as life style and smocking state in addition to aging, hormonal state, infections and systemic disease, also this review focus on the importance of assisted reproductive technique and its complication.
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