The study reports the density (ρ), molar volume (V), partial molar volume (Vm1)/(Vm2) and refractive index (nD) of the binary mixture of 2‐methylimidazole and 1‐butanol/octanol at T=300.15–318.15 K. The accuracy of the experimental results was checked with different refractive mixing models like Lorentz‐Lorentz (L−L), Arago‐Biot (A−B), Gladstone‐Dale (G−D), Newton (N), Heller (H) and Wiener (W) and the root mean square deviation have also been presented.. The excess values were fitted to Redlich‐Kister polynomial equation and the standard deviations were also calculated. The negative VE and ΔnD values at higher mole fraction of 2‐methylimidazole indicate specific interaction between the unlike components due to hydrogen bonding but with rise in temperature the bonds tend to dissociate leading to restricted associations. Density functional theory has also been used to investigate the effective reactivity between 2‐methylimidazole and 1‐butanol/1‐octanol. The difference between ELUMO and EHOMO ranged from −12.9 to 16.523 kcal/mol. 2‐methylimidazole‐1‐octanol displayed greatest reactivity with lowest band energy gap.

IntroductionEmpowering women in a tribal context through entrepreneurship is an approach for enabling and making them economically and socially viable. This paper aims to highlight entrepreneurship in a specific tribal context and provide insight on some instances or cases relating to women's empowerment. Although there are many initiatives from international organizations and governmental institutions to support women entrepreneurs, especially tribal women, they suffer from isolation as a result of their language and lifestyle differ from the rest of society, which made the growth of their business and ability to compete arduous, and thus affected their ability to make various decisions in their lives. This study examines the pathway to a better understanding of increasing access to entrepreneurship for tribal women in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha.MethodsThe sample size was 111 Santhal tribal women entrepreneurs, and all of them were interviewed using an interview schedule and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Two analytical tools were used (a linear regression model to find which dependent variables influence entrepreneurs and the Women's Empowerment Index (WEI) to measure the progress in social and economic opportunities). The respondents was interviewed and asked on the various WEI indicators before and after an entrepreneurship intervention.Results and discussionIt was observed through the results that the empowerment of women has changed in a positive direction after establishing their work; according to the indicators of the study, the Women's Empowerment Index has changed from 0.61 to 1.26. It was also found that entrepreneurship has a positive and significant impact on women's decision-making within the family, and therefore, it was suggested through research to increase the intervention from the government and related organizations with more initiatives that contribute to the possibility of increasing women's education and their financial ability to open new enterprises.

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Objective: Obstructed labor comprises one of the five major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Perinatal asphyxia due to obstructed labor not only lead to neonatal deaths, also accounts for a significant proportion of stillbirths. This study has been done to assess socioeconomic factors, clinical profile and to evaluate fetomaternal outcome in obstructed labor cases from a developing country perspective. Study design: This hospital based observational study was conducted at Gauhati medical college and hospital (GMCH), Guwahati, India for one year. All the obstructed labor cases admitted during this period (1st June 2019 to 31st May 2020) were enrolled in the study and evaluated. Results: Out of total 18768 deliveries 210 cases were diagnosed as obstructed labor, incidence being 1.12%. The mean age of our study population was 22.4 ± 5.4 years. Majority patients were from rural areas (89.50%), belonged to lower middle socioeconomic class (60.9%). Unbooked cases comprised 80% of the study population. Mean duration of stay in referral center before being referred to our institution was 22.1 ± 5.6 hours. Most common cause of obstructed labor was cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) (57.6%). Incidence of CPD was significantly higher in nulliparous cases (p value <0.0001) whereas incidence of malposition and malpresentation was significantly higher in multiparous (p value <0.0001). Sepsis was the commonest maternal complication (36.2%) and birth asphyxia was the commonest neonatal complication (44.64%). Conclusion: Lack of patient's education, inadequate antenatal care and skills in the peripheral health care setup along with poor referral facilities are responsible for most cases of obstructed labor in our study.