На основе технологии аллель-специфичной полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени изучен спектр возможных мутаций в кодонах 306 и 406 гена embB Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ассоциированного с устойчивостью к этамбутолу� Выявлено 5 различных мутаций в кодоне 306 и 3 мутации -в кодоне 406 гена embB� Выявленные мутации подтверждены методами секвенирования и масс-спектрометрии� В результате анализа частоты встречаемости выявленных embB мутаций разработан набор реагентов для экспресс-определения лекарствен-ной устойчивости микобактерий туберкулеза (МБТ) к этамбутолу методом мультиконкурентной аллель-специфичной ПЦР в реальном времени� Из 107 исследованных образцов клинических изолятов в 49 (45,8%) обнаружены мутации гена embB МБТ, в 58 (54,2%) -мутаций не обнаружено� В 39 (36,4%) образцах выявлены мутации в 306-м кодоне гена embB, в 9 (8,4%) -обнаружены мутации в 406-м кодоне, и 1 (0,9%) образец определен с мутациями и в 306-м, и в 406-м кодонах� Высокий уровень совпадения результатов молекулярно-генети-ческого и бактериологического анализа лекарственной чувствительности/устойчивости (84%) показал высокую значимость мутаций в кодонах 306 и 406 гена embB МБТ и необходимость их обязательного определения для выявления этамбутол-устойчивых штаммов МБТ� При использовании молекулярно-генетического анализа установлен уровень чувствительности исследования 75,8% при специфичности относительно стандартных культуральных методов 95,6%�Ключевые слова: микобактерии туберкулеза, лекарственная устойчивость, этамбутол, аллель-специфичная ПЦР в реальном времени Для цитирования: Аляпкина Ю� С�, Ларионова Е� Е�, Смирнова Т� Г�, Алексеев Я� И�, Черноусова Л� Н�, Владимирский М� А� Изучение спектра и частоты встречаемости мутаций гена embB микобактерий туберкулезного комплекса, ассоциируемых с устойчивостью к этам-бутолу, методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени // Туберкулёз и болезни лёгких� -2017� -Т� 95, № 11� -С� 27-35� DOI: 10�21292/2075-1230-2017-95-11-27-35 Based on real-time allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, the ranges of potential mutations in codons of 306 and 405 of the embB gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with resistance to ethambutol were investigated� 5 different mutations were detected in codon 306 and 3 mutations were found in codon 406 of the embB gene� The detected mutations were confirmed by sequencing and mass spectrometry� By analyzing the frequency of detected mutations of , the set of reagents was developed for rapid testing of susceptibility tuberculous mycobacteria to ethambutol by multi-competitive allele-specific real-time PCR� Out of 107 tested specimens of clinical isolates, mutations of the embB gene of M. tuberculosis were detected in 49 (45�8%) specimens, and no mutations were found in 58 (52�2%) specimens� 39 (36�4%) specimens had mutations in codon 306 of the embB gene, and 9 (8�4%) specimens had a mutation in codon 406, and 1 (0�9%) specimen had mutations in both codons 306 and 406� The high level of agreement in the results of molecular genetic and bac...
The issue of rapid phenotypic drug sensitivity testing of clinical isolates of tuberculous mycobacteria remains relevant.The objective of the study is to develop a new test system for rapid phenotypic drug sensitivity testing of MTB clinical isolates based on lytic mycobacteriophages, capable of testing resistance to first and second line drugs.Subjects and methods. Cultures of MTB (108 clinical isolates after primary culturing in Bactec MGIT) were incubated for 48 hours with addition of anti-tuberculosis drugs, then for 48 hours more after adding lytic mycobateriophage D29. The subsequent multiplex reaction of the polymerase chain reaction in real time allowed performing quantitative analysis of MTB DNA and mycobacteriophage DNA. The drug sensitivity of the tested sample was assessed by ranges of the differences in fluorescence threshold levels corresponding to the amount of mycobacteriophages between the control and test sample. At the same time, the drug sensitivity/resistance of all MTB clinical isolates after repeated culture was tested by Bactec MGIT which was adopted as a reference method.Results. Lytic mycobacteriophage-based drug sensitivity testing of 108 MTB isolated to four first line drugs and 90 isolates to six second line anti-tuberculosis drugs demonstrated a high level of concordance with the results of the Bactec MGIT system. It provided 99.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity of the method for 3 first-line drugs; it was slightly lower for ethambutol (86 and 96.9%, respectively), while for second line drugs, its sensitivity made 94.83% and specificity - 98.85%.
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