Фізіологія рослин ізіологія рослин Ф Фізіологія рослин ізіологія рослин Âñòóï Äåô³öèò âîëîãè º îäíèì ç îñíîâíèõ àá³î-òè÷íèõ ñòðåñ³â, ùî âïëèâຠíà âðîaeàéí³ñòü, òîìó àêòóàëüíîñò³ íàáóâຠäîñë³äaeåííÿ ìå-õàí³çì³â àäàïòàö³éíèõ ìîaeëèâîñòåé ðîñëèí, çîêðåìà ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêèõ êóëüòóð. ³äîìî, ùî îäí³ºþ ç ïåðâèííèõ ì³øåíåé çîâ-í³øíüîãî ñòðåñó º öèòîïëàçìàòè÷íà ìåìáðàíà êë³òèí [1], ÿêà ðåàãóº íà íåñòà÷ó âîëîãè á³îõ³ì³÷íèìè ïåðåáóäîâàìè ë³ï³äíîãî á³øàðó òà çì³íîþ éîãî â'ÿçêîñò³. Ïëèííèé ñòàí öèòîïëàçìàòè÷íî¿ ìåìáðàíè òà àêòèâí³ñòü àêâàïîðèí³â çàáåçïå÷óþòü ñòàëå ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ìåìáðàíè â óìîâàõ íåñòà÷³ âîëîãè. Íåâåëèê³ ã³äðîôîáí³ á³ëêè àêâàïîðèíè (27-30 êÄà) ó ìåìáðàíàõ êë³òèí îðãàí³çîâàí³ ó âèãëÿä³ âèñîêîêîíñåðâàòèâíèõ òåòðàìåðíèõ ñòðóêòóð [2-4]. Àêâàïîðèíè ôîðìóþòü òðàíñìåìáðàíí³ êàíàëè, çàâäÿêè ÿêèì ì³ae êë³òèíàìè â³äáóâàºòüñÿ ïàñèâíèé òðàíñïîðò âîäè òà ðîç÷èíåíèõ ðå÷îâèí, ùî º îñíîâíèì âîäíèì øëÿõîì â óìîâàõ ïîñóõè [5]. Ó ãåíî-ì³ Zea mays L. âèÿâëåíî 36 ãåí³â, ÿê³ êîäóþòü àêâàïîðèíè [6]. Íàé÷èñåëüí³øà ðîäèíà àêâàïîðèí³â ðîñëèí -öå вÐ-àêâàïîðèíè öèòîïëàçìàòè÷íî¿ ìåìáðàíè (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins), ÿêó ïîä³ëÿþòü íà äâ³ ãðóïè: вÐ1 òà вÐ2. Àêâàïîðèíè ãðóïè вÐ2 åêñïðåñóºòüñÿ ïåðåâàaeíî â êîðåíÿõ ðîñëèí ³ õàðàêòåðèçóþòüñÿ á³ëüøîþ çäàò-í³ñòþ ïðîïóñêàòè âîäó ïîð³âíÿíî ç вÐ1àêâàïîðèíàìè [5, 7]. Îñê³ëüêè вÐ2-àêâàïîðèíè â³ä³ãðàþòü âàaeëèâó ðîëü ó âîäíîìó áàëàíñ³ êë³òèí, ð³âåíü åêñïðåñ³¿ ¿õí³õ ãåí³â ìîaeå çì³íþâàòèñÿ ï³ä ÷àñ çíåâîäíåííÿ ´ðóíòó. ³äîìî, ùî äåô³öèò
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