Background and Objectives: Upper endoscopy is considered the gold standard for screening and diagnosis of esophageal varices (EV). Non-invasive methods for predicting EV have become a research hotspot in recent years. The aim of this study was to assess the role of non-invasive scores in predicting the presence of EV in patients with liver cirrhosis, and to determine the value of these scores in predicting the outcome of patients with cirrhosis presenting with acute variceal bleeding. Materials and Methods: A total of 386 patients with liver cirrhosis were included. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AST/ALT), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4-index (FIB-4), fibrosis index (FI), King’s Score, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, and platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) score were calculated. The discriminatory capacities of the examined scores in predicting the presence of esophageal varices were tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The ROC curve analysis showed (area under the curve) AUC values of ALBI and PALBI of 0.603, and 0.606, respectively, for the prediction of EV. APRI, MELD, PALBI, King’s, FIB-4, and ALBI scores showed statistically significant correlation with EV bleeding (p < 0.05). AUC of APRI and MELD for predicting EV bleeding were 0.662 and 0.637, respectively. The AUC value of MELD in short-term mortality was 0.761. Conclusions: ALBI and PALBI scores had modest diagnostic accuracy of EVs in liver cirrhosis. APRI and MELD can be used as a reference index for the EV bleeding, and MELD score is best associated with short-term outcome in cirrhotic patients.

Background. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and widely available diagnostic tool. In the last two decades, the development of ultrasound techniques and equipment has significantly increased the usage of intestine ultrasound (US) in the assessment of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although current guidelines suggest routine utilization of US in patients with Crohn’s disease, data regarding US usage in ulcerative colitis are still scarce. We aimed to assess the reliability of intestinal ultrasonography in the assessment of disease activity and extension of patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods. Fifty-five patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, treated at University Clinical Center of Serbia in the period from 2019 to 2022 were included in this retrospective observational study. The data were obtained from the patient’s medical records including history, laboratory, US, and endoscopy findings. US examined parameters were as following: bowel wall thickness (BWT), presence of fat wrapping, wall layer stratification, mesenteric hypertrophy, presence of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and absence or presence of ascites. Results. Our results suggest that there is a strong correlation of BWT and colonoscopy findings regarding disease extension (r = 0.524, p = 0.01 , p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, our results have shown a statistically significant correlation of BWT with the Mayo endoscopic score (r = 0.434, p = 0.01 , p < 0.05 ), disease activity score (r = 0.369, p = 0.01 , p < 0.05 ), degree of ulcerative colitis burden of luminal inflammation (r = 0.366, p = 0.01 , p < 0.05 ), and Geboes index (r = 0.298, p = 0.027 , p < 0.05 ). Overall accuracy of US for disease extension and activity was statistically significant ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. Our results suggest that US is a moderately accurate method for the assessment of disease activity and localization in patients with UC.

Background: Liver cirrhosis is the final stage of chronic liver disease. We aimed to evaluate non-invasive scores as predictors of complications and outcome in cirrhotic patients. Methods: A total of 150 cirrhotic patients were included. Models for end-stage liver disease (MELD), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MoLR), and neutrophil-lymphocyte-albumin ratio (NLA) scores were tested in relation to the development of complications and mortality using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The ROC curve analysis showed (area under the curve) AUC values of NLR, NLA, ALBI, and MELD of 0.711, 0.730, 0.627, and 0.684, respectively, for short-term mortality. MELD, ALBI, and NLA scores showed a statistically significant correlation with hepatic encephalopathy (p = 0.000 vs. 0.014 vs. 0.040, respectively), and the MELD cut-off value of 16 had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 52% (AUC: 0.671, 95% CI (0.577–0.765)). For the assessment of the presence of ascites, the AUC values for NLA and MoLR were 0.583 and 0.658, respectively, with cut-offs of 11.38 and 0.44. Conclusions: MELD, ALBI, and NLA are reliable predictors of hepatic encephalopathy. NLA and MoLR showed a significant correlation with the presence of ascites, and MELD, ALBI, NLR, and NLA have prognostic value to predict 30-day mortality in cirrhotic patients.