La generación de residuos son producto de la urbanización, el desarrollo económico y el crecimiento de la población. En México, la gestión de residuos ha evolucionado como una consecuencia de la participación en la firma de acuerdos y tratados internacionales. Teniendo como punto de referencia los diagnósticos básicos para la gestión integrada de residuos que, son línea base para la planeación y elaboración de los programas y planes de manejo. En este sentido los diagnósticos han sufrido cambios sustanciales. Se evidencian mediante un análisis diacrónico con el enfoque de la teoría fundamentada y el análisis de datos cualitativos asistidos por computadora. Queda manifiesto que la ejecución de los planes de gestión y políticas públicas es limitada. Los esfuerzos realizados mantienen la gestión de residuos más como discurso que como acciones concretas. Lo cual evidencia las deficiencias institucionales para una eficiente gestión de los residuos sólidos.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) production has developed rapidly, particularly in the highlands of central Mexico. The objective of this study was to characterize rainbow trout production systems based on factor and cluster analysis. Data were collected for 21 variables from 71 trout production units (TPU) through semi-structured interviews. Four groups were obtained. Group 1: rural entrepreneurs, and Group 3: organized family TPU, are business-oriented operations developed with government support schemes with incorporated internal procedures enabling higher production and sales either to wholesalers or final consumers as fresh trout. These groups have the potential to scale up their operations. Group 2: small-scale family TPU, and Group 4: small-scale artisan TPU, are less organized, based on family labor, have lower yields, and sell their products at the farm gate or to small restaurants. These groups represent the role of aquaculture for social development in rural areas. Public policies, government support schemes, growth of markets, and high demand for trout have favored all four groups. Based on the results, development strategies and applied research must be directed differentially to each group of rainbow trout producers.
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