Background: The introduction of modern classifications of mental disorders has caused a number of significant changes in the diagnostic process. Recently, both domestic and foreign authors began to pay more attention to the analysis of the “weaknesses” of the operational approach in the diagnosis of mental disorders. One of the “lacunae” that arose due to its distribution, which is hardly discussed in modern classifications, is the problems of the role of intersubjective experience in the doctor–patient relationship and the diagnostic process. The diagnostic technique based on the Praecox-Gefühl phenomenon is one of the most striking examples of the utility of such an experience.The aim was to present and discuss modern and classic Praecox-Gefühl studies in the context of analyzing the role of intersubjective experience in psychiatric diagnosis.Material and method: Modern and classic scientific publications were selected by using the keywords “Praecox-Gefühl” or “Praecox-feeling” in the databases of Web of Science, PubMed and in the other sources.Conclusion: the professional use of intersubjective experience arising in a doctor–patient relationship can be one of the diagnostic tools for identifying schizophrenia, including the early stages of the disease. Modern psychological studies indirectly confirm this statement by revealing an impairment of functions that provide interpersonal communication among patients with schizophrenia.

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The study attempts to present a critical review of certain problems in pathopsychological investigaton of operational thought disorders and to outline the possible ways for its further development. We compare the differences in approaches to the analysis of pathology of thinking in schizophrenia presented in the classic works of L.S. Vygotsky and B.V. Zeigarnik. We argue that, when studying some of the thought disorders in schizophrenia, it may be more effective to revert to Vygotsky’s approach associated with the investigation of word meaning disturbances in the analysis of disorders of the generalization process. As a way to further develop this approach to the study of thought disorders in schizophrenia, we suggest exploring the perspectives of synthesizing various research areas that have stemed from cultural-historical psychology. Basing on the analysis of Russian neurolinguistic studies of word meaning impairment, we propose two possible directions for studying the psychological and brain mechanisms of operational disorders of thinking.

Перспективы исследования «социального познания» для диагностики нейродегенеративных заболеваний позднего возраста. Часть 2. Результаты эмпирических исследований Prospects for the study of «social cognition» for the diagnosis of late-life neurodegenerative diseases. Part 2. Results of empirical studies