The paper deals with the current state and problems of the Russian and World fuel and energy complex. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of alternative energy and the search for real opportunities to limit the monopoly power of oil producing and refining companies, which is a promising economic and technological task. The relevance of the paper is determined by the importance of solving the issues of searching for alternatives to hydrocarbon fuel in domestic and industrial use, especially for the Russian economy, for which the oilproducing and refining sector is not only a driver of economic development, but also a strategic lever for the implementation of geopolitical interests. In this regard, the paper considers the existing methods and suggests the approach to the use of biofuels as cheap and affordable raw materials for the development of alternativeenergy.

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New methods of processing bituminous and brown coal in synthetic and coal-water fuel production are now gaining relevance. On the one hand, this is dictated by the pragmatic need to reduce the dependence of industrial energy consumers on the prices and quality of hydrocarbon raw materials, especially in the context of the constant exacerbation of market restrictions associated with the pandemic and sanctions, on the other hand, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly methods of using synthetic and coal-water fuels. The article discusses the currently used technologies for the production of synthetic and coal-water fuels. The authors identify its main disadvantages and limitations and propose a schematic diagram of a technological line for coal-water fuel production with a linear layout. It allows obtaining fuel with good fluidity and higher stability, high-calorie content, and low ash content with less energy consumption.

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