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Agriculture plays a leading role in providing the country's food security and rural employment. In this regard, the study of the state and development of the agricultural economy is relevant. Much attention is paid in the economic literature to the problems of the Russian agriculture development. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the state of a number of industries of the agricultural sector is not accurately assessed, the mechanisms and prospects of development are not fully and deeply investigated. The purpose of scientific work is to analyze the state, identify mechanisms, tendencies and the most effective directions of agricultural development. As the object of research the enterprises of all categories of the Russian Federation engaged in the agricultural production are taken. To solve these problems a systematic approach, economic and statistical, economic and mathematical, forecasting and calculation and constructive research methods were used. In the course of the work the state of agriculture of the Russian Federation was determined, the prevailing tendencies in the production of various types of products were identified, the factors, driving forces and specific mechanisms of the functioning of the industries were identified. The causes and consequences for the agricultural sector of the country's economy of the systemic crisis of the 90-ies of XX century are revealed. The mechanisms and driving forces of economic recovery in certain sectors of agriculture in the early XXI century were identified. The directions, conditions were determined and forecasts of the main parameters of the industry development for the next 5-6 years were made. All this allowed assessing more accurately the reserves for further growth, the future state of agriculture, the change in the role and influence of Russia in the world food market.

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