No abstract

Background: The creation and distribution of technical means and complexes aimed at building effective control systems for electrical networks using information that can be collected by modern metering devices, as well as organizing work in an automated mode, is an urgent task at the present stage of development of the electric power industry in Russia and in the world. Aim: The research presented in this article is aimed at creating an effective system for monitoring the parameters of electrical energy in distribution networks of low and medium voltage levels. Methods: The study was carried out using the theoretical foundations and basic laws of electrical engineering, as well as methods of computer modeling and CAD. Results: A description of the developed system is given, the applicability of its use is graphically shown and substantiated in writing, the possibilities and prospects of application are indicated, and recommendations for practical application are given. Conclusion: The results obtained can be used by power grid companies to analyze the state and efficiency of power grids, and may also be of interest to researchers working on the creation of digital twins of power grids.

Background: As of today, the actual problem in the power sector is to create a device for the collection and transmission of information in networks of different voltage levels. Aim: The research presented in the framework of this article is aimed at creating a universal device intended for use in electrical networks of low and medium voltage in order to collect and transmit information about the parameters of electrical energy at the place of installation of the device. Methods: The study was performed with the use of computer modeling techniques developed electronic devices. Results: A functional diagram of the developed device is given, options for its connection to the network for various conditions and requirements are indicated, and recommendations for use are given. Conclusion: The obtained results can be used by power grid companies and industrial enterprises to analyze the condition and efficiency of power grids.

Аннотация. В статье рассмотрены вопросы передачи и обработки информации в системе контроля параметров электроэнергии в распределительной сети, а также принятия решений на основании мгновенных и статистических данных о состоянии системы электроснабжения. Проведён анализ достигнутого уровня технологий в данной области как в Российской Федерации, так и за рубежом. Дана оценка существующей на сегодняшний день парадигме восприятия процессов в электрических сетях в разрезе цифровизации и применения современных технологий для анализа и контроля систем электроснабжения. Подробно рассмотрены факторы риска для электрических сетей и систем, а также приведены пути их устранения за счёт проведения цифровизации электрических сетей и, в частности, применения системы контроля параметров электроэнергии. Указаны особенности и отличия передачи и обработки информации в системе контроля параметров электроэнергии, предложена оригинальная пакетная компоновка информации для передачи посредством любого из доступных средств связи. Рассмотрены различные варианты обработки и анализа данных, поступающих с конечных измерительных устройств, дана оценка и рекомендации по применению получаемой информации. На примере показана поддержка принятия решений на основании полученных системой контроля параметров электроэнергии данных. Даны рекомендации по принятию решений и дальнейшему совершенствованию системы.Ключевые слова: электрическая сеть, АИИС КУЭ, потери электроэнергии, коммерческие потери, алгоритм принятия решений, автоматизированный комплекс, обработка информации, программно-аппаратный комплекс, системы электроснабжения.

The aim of the study is control of commercial losses in electrical grids, especially in low voltage grids, which is one of the priority lines of activities conducted by electric network companies. The complexity of solving this problem is stemming from the difficulty of exactly locating the commercial loss occurrence place under the conditions of extensively branched low and medium voltage electrical networks. Various methods are currently used to determine the commercial loss occurrence places. However, no effective methods have been created for determining the fact and place of unaccounted electricity consumption in networks under the conditions of performing remote analysis of networks based on the data from modern electricity meters used in the automated fiscal electricity metering system. These difficulties can be overcome by developing a model of voltage distribution and change of current in distribution networks of the 0.4--35 kV nominal voltage levels. A model of voltage distribution and changes of current for a network containing unaccounted electricity consumption is proposed. The effectiveness of using the proposed model has been theoretically substantiated; its applicability limits are defined, and the accuracy of the obtained results is estimated. Graphical representation of the proposed model, which is one of the electrical network digital imaging forms, can be used to analyze electrical networks for revealing if there is unaccounted electricity consumption in them. By using the proposed model of voltage distribution and change of current in the network, it is possible to represent the electrical network as a set of electrical parameters to analyze electrical networks for the presence of commercial losses.