This article presents empirical findings on 27 regional business associations in Spain, Italy, and the UK. We focus on three issues: opinions towards the regions, internal devolution, and business representation. The article draws theoretically upon studies in the fields of industrial sociology, political science, and economic geography. All three disciplines have documented a certain regionalisation of state-wide (or peak national) business associations, and attest that the regions can generate genuine practices of interest formation and interest intermediation. This article confirms the emergence of business associations in almost all of the regions, although there are considerable variations in their preferences, their organisational models, and the way they participate in the political process.EXTRACTO En este artículo presentamos los resultados empíricos de veintisiete asociaciones comerciales de ámbito regional en España, Italia y el Reino Unido. Nos enfocamos en tres cuestiones: las opiniones sobre las regiones, la transferencia interna de competencias y la representación comercial. El artículo se basa teóricamente en los estudios en los sectores de sociología industrial, ciencia política y geografía económica. En las tres disciplinas se documenta cierta regionalización de las asociaciones comerciales a nivel estatal (o nacional) y se indica que las regiones pueden crear practicas genuinas de formación e intermediación de intereses. En el artículo se confirma la creación de asociaciones comerciales en casi todas las regiones, si bien con diferencias considerables en sus preferencias, modelos de organización y modo de participación en el proceso político.RÉSUMÉ Cet article présente des résultats empiriques auprès de vingt-sept associations professionnelles régionales en Espagne, en Italie et au Royaume-Uni. Il porte sur trois questions: des opinions au sujet des régions, du transfert interne des responsabilités, et de la représentation des milieux d'affaires. Théoriquement, l'article puise dans des études conduites dans les domaines de la sociologie industrielle, des sciences politiques et de la géographie économique. Toutes les trois disciplines ont présenté une certaine régionalisation des associations professionnelles à l'échelle de l'état (ou des principaux organismes nationaux) et affirment que les régions peuvent engendrer des pratiques concrètes quant à la création et à l'intermédiation de l'intérêt. Ce présent article confirme la naissance des associations professionnelles dans presque toutes les
Este artículo estudia la evolución del asociacionismo empresarial en España. Empleamos el enfoque desarrollado por Franz Traxler para considerar que el mapa de asociaciones empresariales es el resultado de un acomodo gradual de ciertos mecanismos de compensación para superar tensiones organizativas y retos de representación. Se discuten una serie de indicadores con los que analizar el carácter adaptativo del asociacionismo empresarial. A modo de conclusión, el análisis indica que los cambios internos de la CEOE son el resultado de una prolongada erosión de un modelo asociativo estructurado jerárquicamente en torno a una confederación corporatista y monopolística, que la impulsan a ser más transparente
Past studies of business associations conducted in the late 1980s indicated that employers were reluctant to support devolution due to economic fears and political uncertainties. However, profound changes have altered the dominant economic and political paradigms over the course of the last three decades. Regional innovation has become a linchpin for competitive economies, whereas secession has become a skyrocketing political issue in Catalonia and Scotland, and a number of regional agencies have been settled throughout Europe, even in unitary states. Have business associations adapted to this new reality? This article examines 18 regional business associations from three Spanish regions (Catalonia, Andalusia and the Valencian Community) and three UK regions (Scotland, Wales and South West England). The first part of the article discusses six theoretical arguments linking business associations and regionalism. A general overview of the cases is offered in the second section. The third section of the article performs a fuzzy sets/Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify the main factors that bolster the regionalisation of business associations. By way of conclusion, there are two routes towards successful regional business mobilisation. On the one hand, this happens in regions where a competent institutional arrangement has been established. On the other hand, this also happens when business associations recognise the economic and political strengths of the region while they are able to interact with regional institutions.
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