SummaryThe magnesium (Mg) capability to attenuate the toxicity of aluminum (Al) for the trehalose content, anaerobic growth, viability and budding rate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was studied in this work. Fermentations were carried out in triplicate with sterilized and diluted sugar cane media (4% total reducing sugars/pH 4.0) containing different Al (0.0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L -1 ) and Mg (0.0, 50 and 100 mg L -1 ) concentrations. The media were inoculated with 1 mL of 1% (wet basis) yeast suspension and incubated at 30ºC, 70 rpm for 20 hours in orbital shaker. At specific times during fermentation portions of cell suspension were taken out and the biomass concentration, yeast viability, budding rate and trehalose content on cells determined. The increase of Al levels, from 0.0 up to 150 mg L -1 , showed a reduction on the yeast growth of approximately 95%, 55% and 18% as Mg increased from 0.0 to 50 and 100 mg L -1 , respectively. The trehalose content experienced its lowest reduction when greater amounts of Mg were added to the fermentation process. Cell viability showed greater reductions as the content of Al in the media increased. Magnesium effectively protected yeast cells against the deleterious effects of Al on cell growth, viability, budding and trehalose content. Keywords: Yeast viability; Fermentation; Trehalose content. ResumoA capacidade do magnésio (Mg) em atenuar os efeitos tóxicos do alumínio (Al) para o conteúdo de trealose, o crescimento anaeróbio, a viabilidade e a taxa de brotamento em Saccharomyces cerevisiae foi estudada no presente trabalho. As fermentações foram realizadas em triplicatas, com suco de cana-de-açúcar esterilizado e diluído (4% de açúcares redutores totais/pH 4,0) contendo diferentes concentrações de Al (0,0, 50, 100 e 150 mg L -1 ) e de Mg (0,0, 50 e 100 mg L -1 ). Os meios foram inoculados com 1 mL de 1% (base úmida) de suspensão de levedura e incubados a 30°C, 70 rpm durante 20 horas, em agitador orbital. Em tempos específicos, durante a fermentação, porções da suspensão de células foram retiradas e a concentração de biomassa, a viabilidade das leveduras, a taxa de brotamento e o conteúdo de trealose foram determinados. O aumento dos teores de Al, de 0,0 a 150 mg L -1 , mostrou uma redução no crescimento da levedura de aproximadamente 95%, 55% e 18%, na presença de 0,0, 50 e 100 mg L -1 de Mg, respectivamente. O conteúdo de trealose sofreu a menor redução quando maiores teores de Mg foram adicionados ao meio de fermentação. A viabilidade celular apresentou maiores quedas à medida que se aumentou o conteúdo de Al no processo fermentativo. O magnésio protegeu eficazmente as células da levedura contra os efeitos deletérios do Al sobre o crescimento celular, a viabilidade, o brotamento e o teor de trealose. Palavras
Germinação e crescimento de plântulas de zea mays submetidas a concentrações tóxicas e subtóxicas de cádmioGermination and growth of zea mays seedlings submitted to toxic and subtotic concentrations of cadmio
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